Molecular analysis of parapoxvirus from a spotted seal Phoca largha in Japan

Ohno, Yoshito; Inoshima, Yasuo; Maeda, Ken; Ishiguro, Naotaka

doi:10.3354/dao02405

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…While some are species-specific, others can infect a broad species range [ 21 ]. Poxvirus has been identified in eight species of the superfamily Pinnipedia [ 22 ]: five belong to the family Phocidae [grey seal ( Halichoerus grypus ) [ 23 - 28 ], harbor seal ( Phoca vitulina ) [ 29 , 30 , 28 ], Mediterranean monk seal ( Monachus monachus ) [ 31 ], spotted seal ( Phoca largha ) [ 32 , 33 ] and Weddell seal ( Leptonychotes weddellii ) [ 34 ]], and three belong to the family Otariidae [California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus ) [ 28 ], Steller sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus ) [ 35 , 32 ] and South American sea lion ( Otaria flavescens ) [ 36 ]]. Some of these pinniped poxviruses have zoonotic potential and can cause lesions in humans, mostly on the skin [ 23 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular detection and characterization of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundHerpesvirus and poxvirus can infect a wide range of species: herpesvirus genetic material has been detected and amplified in five species of the superfamily Pinnipedia; poxvirus genetic material, in eight species of Pinnipedia. To date, however, genetic material of these viruses has not been detected in walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), another marine mammal of the Pinnipedia clade, even though anti-herpesvirus antibodies have been detected in these animals.Case presentationIn February 2013, a 9-year-old healthy captive female Pacific walrus died unexpectedly at L’Oceanografic (Valencia, Spain). Herpesvirus was detected in pharyngeal tonsil tissue by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus belongs to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Poxvirus was also detected by PCR in skin, pre-scapular and tracheobronchial lymph nodes and tonsils. Gross lesions were not detected in any tissue, but histopathological analyses of pharyngeal tonsils and lymph nodes revealed remarkable lymphoid depletion and lymphocytolysis. Similar histopathological lesions have been previously described in bovine calves infected with an alphaherpesvirus, and in northern elephant seals infected with a gammaherpesvirus that is closely related to the herpesvirus found in this case. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, consistent with poxviral infection, were also observed in the epithelium of the tonsilar mucosa.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first molecular identification of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a walrus. Neither virus was likely to have contributed directly to the death of our animal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular detection and characterization of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

et al. 2014

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“…None of the marine mammals currently inhabiting the Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium showed positive reactions in either ELISA or WB assays, which implies a lack of exposure to new SPPV infections since the last reported infection ( 29 ). Additionally, in respect of seal PL1 (from which the positive plasma sample had been collected approximately 10 years previously), its current serum (as of 2020) was not reactive; this result indicated that production of anti-SPPV antibodies after infection wanes over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were collected from each animal twice, in 2019 and 2020. A female spotted seal (PL1) had previously been infected with SPPV in 2010 (29), and a plasma sample that was collected from this animal at approximately 75 days after the onset of clinical signs (hereafter referred as PL1-2010 plasma) was used to validate the ELISA. Western blotting (WB).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japan, SPPV infection has previously been reported among pinnipeds, such as a spotted seal ( 29 ) and South American sea lions ( Otaria byronia ) ( 30 ) in aquaria. Additionally, PPV infection has been reported in cetacean species, specifically bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) and Pacific white-sided dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ) ( 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of seal parapoxvirus infection in marine mammals

Badr

Rahman

Ohno³

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Seal parapoxvirus (SPPV) infection has been reported among pinnipeds in aquaria in Japan; however, its seroprevalence is unknown. Therefore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for serological diagnosis of SPPV infection. Material and Methods The gene encoding the major envelope protein of SPPV was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pAcGFP1-N1, which encodes the green fluorescence protein (GFP), thereby producing a fusion protein (Env-GFP). Parental and cloned vector DNA was independently transfected into cultured seal cells for the expression of GFP and Env-GFP. The wells of an ELISA plate were coated with either GFP- or Env-GFP-transfected cell lysates. The light absorbance of each serum sample was adjusted by subtracting the absorbance of GFP-coated wells from that of Env-GFP-coated wells. Sera from two spotted seals (Phoca largha), six beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), three Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), and ten bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from an aquarium in Japan were examined using the ELISA. Results Positive reactions were not observed, except in one preserved sample collected ten years ago from a naturally SPPV-infected spotted seal. Conclusion The established ELISA could be useful in screening marine mammal sera for anti-SPPV antibodies.

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“…Pinniped parapoxviruses are characterized in California sea lions, northern fur seals, harbour seals from the north Pacific ocean; ringed (Pusa hispida) and spotted seals (Phoca largha) from the Arctic; grey and harbour seals from the Atlantic; southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) from South America, Weddell seals from Antarctica; Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus) and Baikal seals [137,[144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151]. A new species of poxvirus related to an orthopoxvirus was associated with raised, ulcerated cutaneous lesions in Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups [147,152].…”

Section: Poxvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging viruses in marine mammals.

Bossart¹,

Duignan²

2019

CABI Reviews

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Emerging infectious disease has become a serious concern that has consequences for human, animal and environmental health on a global scale. During the past two decades, it has become clear that viruses are emerging in terrestrial environments from the human-animal interface at an unprecedented rate. Thus, the understanding of complex diseases associated with emerging zoonotic pathogens and the creation and execution of strategies to deal with this issue has assumed new public health importance, requiring a One Health approach involving multiple health disciplines. Similar infectious disease trends involving emerging viruses are now being documented in aquatic ecosystems and are impacting marine mammals. As in terrestrial species, emerging viruses in marine mammals may be associated with neoplasia, epizootics and zoonotic disease and involve a complex pathogenesis involving noninfectious cofactors such as anthropogenic toxins, biotoxins, immunologic suppression and other environmental stressors. Among the viruses recently isolated from marine mammals are influenza viruses, morbilliviruses, papillomaviruses, herpesviruses, arboviruses, caliciviruses and others. Many of these emerging marine mammal viruses are associated with disease and specific pathologic findings. In other cases, the disease significance of these novel viruses is unknown and requires further research. In this report, we briefly review emerging viruses that have disease significance for marine mammals and/or public health. Novel concurrent clinicopathologic data will be presented when available broadening the understanding of disease pathogenesis. References will help provide more in-depth information. Additionally, this review has demonstrated that marine mammals may be important sentinel animals that indicate environmental health concerns and parallel emerging public health issues.

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Molecular analysis of parapoxvirus from a spotted seal Phoca largha in Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

First molecular detection and characterization of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

First molecular detection and characterization of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of seal parapoxvirus infection in marine mammals

Emerging viruses in marine mammals.

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