Molecular analysis of tick-borne protozoan and rickettsial pathogens in small ruminants from two South African provinces

Ringo, Aaron Edmond; Moumouni, Paul Franck Adjou; Taioe, Moeti O.; Jirapattharasate, Charoonluk; Liu, Mingming; Wang, Guanbo; Gao, Yang; Guo, Huanping; Lee, Seunghun; Zheng, Weiqing; Efstratiou, Artemis; Li, Jixu; Inoue, Noboru; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Thekisoe, Oriel; Xuan, Xuenan

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2017.11.002

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…On the other hand, Anaplasma ovis has been reported infecting sheep and goats from different countries, such as Italy (De La Fuente et al, 2005), Hungary (Hornok et al, 2007), Iran (Jalali et al, 2013), China (Zhang et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2018), and Turkey (Aktas & Ozubek, 2018). Although A. ovis infection often causes mild pathogenicity in sheep (Hornok et al, 2007;Renneker et al, 2013), its occurrence is highly involved in concurrent infections with different hemoparasite species in sheep (Jalali et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2015;Sevinc et al, 2018;Ringo et al, 2018), which may contribute to aggravating animal clinical conditions (Aktas & Ozubek, 2018). To date A. ovis has never been reported infecting small ruminants in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of vector-borne and nematode parasites involved in the etiology of anemic syndrome in sheep from Southern Brazil

Mongruel

Spanhol

Valente

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Although anemia has been historically linked to Haemonchus contortus infection, other infectious agents, such as hemotropic mycoplasmas and tick-borne disease pathogens, may also lead to anemic crisis in sheep. This study has aimed to investigate infections related to anemia in a sheep herd from Bandeirantes City, Paraná State, southern Brazil. Seven out of forty-two (16.6%; 95% CI: 8.32–30.6%) sheep were positive for hemoplasmas by a PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and all tested negative for A. marginale/A. ovis and Babesia/Theileria spp. by PCR based on msp4 and 18S rRNA genes, respectively. Two (4.7%; 95% CI: 1.32–15.79%) animals were infested with Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. Fecal egg counting was performed in 38 sheep and 24 (63.15%; 95% CI: 47.2–76.6%) presented > 500 eggs per gram. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of the detected hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. 16S and 23S rRNA genes confirmed that the animals were infected with Mycoplasma ovis. Polymorphism analysis of partial 16S rRNA sequences showed three different genotypes of M. ovis infecting sheep assessed in the present study. Mycoplasma ovis and gastrointestinal nematodes occurs in sheep from the northern region of Paraná State.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of vector-borne and nematode parasites involved in the etiology of anemic syndrome in sheep from Southern Brazil

Mongruel

Spanhol

Valente

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Protozoan and ehrlichial diseases are veterinary, medically and economically important contagious diseases affecting the domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa, and hence, their prevalence and control is very important (Ademola & Onyiche 2013 ; Ringo et al 2018 ). In this study, a low prevalence of protozoan parasites was observed and this could be attributed to the low sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South Africa, around 18% of livestock mortalities are because of protozoan diseases (Mtshali & Mtshali 2013 ). These diseases have substantial impact on the country’s economic security and poor communities who are dependent on livestock production, as they lead to losses of meat, wool, milk and manure (Perry & Sones 2007 ; Ringo et al 2018 ). In sub-Saharan Africa, little information is available on their presence and distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These species are known to be causative agents of babesiosis and theileriosis, respectively (Ijaz et al 2013 ; Mohammadi et al 2017 ). In southern Africa, B. bovis and B. bigemina are two economically important species infecting cattle and have high prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions (Mtshali & Mtshali 2013 ), while B. ovis is known to be highly pathogenic in sheep with a mortality ranges of 30% – 50% (Ijaz et al 2013 ; Ringo et al 2018 ). Two species of canine Babesia, B. rossi and B. vogelli , are known to be endemic to South Africa (Matjila et al 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parasites of veterinary importance from domestic animals in uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal province

Mofokeng

Taioe

Smit

et al. 2020

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association

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This study investigated the occurrence and phylogenetic relationship of protozoan parasites and Ehrlichia infecting domestic animals from three municipalities in uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A total of 208 blood samples collected from clinically healthy cattle, sheep, goats and dogs from uMkhanyakude district were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, using either genus or species-specific primers to determine the occurrence and phylogenetic relationship of various protozoan parasites and Ehrlichia of veterinary importance. A total of 5/109 (4.6%) cattle were PCR-positive for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, 33/109 (30.3%) for Babesia bovis, 24/109 (22.02%) for Babesia bigemina and 20/109 (18.3%) for Trypanosoma sp., while 3/10 (30%) of sheep were PCR-positive for Theileria ovis and none of the goats were positive for any of the detected pathogens. The co-infection of 4/109 (3.7%) B. bovis and B. bigemina was detected in cattle. Only Ehrlichia canis was detected in dogs with infection rate of 20/48 (41.7%). Sequences of PCR-positive isolates (B. bovis, B. bigemina, E. canis, T. ovis and T. gondii) showed that they were closely related to their relevant species from various countries. These findings have expanded our knowledge about the prevalence and phylogenetic similarity between protozoan parasites and Ehrlichia isolates of South African origin. To date, this is the first study in South Africa to detect T. gondii infections from cattle blood using PCR.

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“…Amblyomma hebraeum collected from goats in KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State provinces, with an infection prevalence of 16.4% and 4.2%, respectively [30].…”

Section: Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amblyomma hebraeum is the predominant tick species on goats in the Mnisi Community Area of Mpumalanga Province South Africa and is co-infected with Ehrlichia ruminantium and Rickettsia africae

et al. 2020

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Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, Amblyomma ticks are vectors of heartwater disease in domestic ruminants, caused by the rickettsial pathogen Ehrlichia ruminantium. Immature tick stages often bite humans, whereby they act as vectors of tick-bite fever caused by Rickettsia africae. Moreover, Amblyomma ticks cause damage to livestock due to their feeding behaviour. In South Africa, we studied the abundance of Amblyomma hebraeum ticks on goats of emerging farmers in Mpumalanga Province. A selected number of A. hebraeum nymphs and adult ticks was tested for co-infection with E. ruminantium and R. africae.Methods: A total of 630 indigenous goats, belonging to farmers in the Mnisi Community area, were examined for ticks in 2013 and 2014. All ticks were identified, and a selected number was tested by PCR with reverse line blot hybridisation. Results:In total, 13,132 ticks were collected from goats distributed over 17 different households. Amblyomma hebraeum was the predominant species, followed by R. microplus. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. simus and R. zambeziensis were also identified. Amblyomma hebraeum was present throughout the year, with peak activity of adults in summer (November) and nymphs in winter (July). The ratio between adults and nymphs ranged from 1:2.7 in summer to 1:55.1 in winter. The mean prevalence of infection for E. ruminantium by PCR/RLB in adult ticks was 17.4% (31/178), whereas 15.7% (28/178) were infected with R. africae. In pooled nymphs, 28.4% were infected with E. ruminantium and 38.8% carried R. africae infection. Co-infections of E. ruminantium and R. africae in adult and pooled nymphal ticks were 3.9% (7/178) and 10% (14.9), respectively. Lameness of goats due to predilection of ticks for the interdigital space of their feet was observed in 89% of the households.

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Molecular analysis of tick-borne protozoan and rickettsial pathogens in small ruminants from two South African provinces

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Survey of vector-borne and nematode parasites involved in the etiology of anemic syndrome in sheep from Southern Brazil

Survey of vector-borne and nematode parasites involved in the etiology of anemic syndrome in sheep from Southern Brazil

Parasites of veterinary importance from domestic animals in uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal province

Amblyomma hebraeum is the predominant tick species on goats in the Mnisi Community Area of Mpumalanga Province South Africa and is co-infected with Ehrlichia ruminantium and Rickettsia africae

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