Molecular and Functional Characterization of Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins OfPGRP-A and OfPGRP-B in Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Wang, Zengxia; Zhou, Wan; Baohong, Huang; Gao, Mengyuan; Li, Qianqian; Tao, Yidong; Wang, Zhenying

doi:10.3390/insects13050417

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This was further supported when we compared C. bombi to the other conditions, as this time more proteins were down-regulated: C. bombi versus control, 6 down and 2 up; and C. bombi versus Amistar, 10 down and only one up. Furthermore, some proteins of interest have been shown to be involved in response to stimuli and defence mechanisms [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. As examples, chitinase-like protein (XP_016769017.1 and XP_012237228.1), interferon-related developmental regulator 1-like (XP_017879492.1), heat-shock 70 kDa protein cognate 4 (KMQ87979.1), transferrin-like (XP_035740737.1), apolipophorins, and the two proteins ferritin (ABV68875.1) and vitellogenin (AUX13057.1) that were up-regulated only when Amistar was compared to another condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite and Pesticide Impacts on the Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) Haemolymph Proteome

Askri

Straw

Arafah

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Pesticides pose a potential threat to bee health, especially in combination with other stressors, such as parasites. However, pesticide risk assessment tests pesticides in isolation from other stresses, i.e., on otherwise healthy bees. Through molecular analysis, the specific impacts of a pesticide or its interaction with another stressor can be elucidated. Molecular mass profiling by MALDI BeeTyping® was used on bee haemolymph to explore the signature of pesticidal and parasitic stressor impacts. This approach was complemented by bottom-up proteomics to investigate the modulation of the haemoproteome. We tested acute oral doses of three pesticides—glyphosate, Amistar and sulfoxaflor—on the bumblebee Bombus terrestris, alongside the gut parasite Crithidia bombi. We found no impact of any pesticide on parasite intensity and no impact of sulfoxaflor or glyphosate on survival or weight change. Amistar caused weight loss and 19–41% mortality. Haemoproteome analysis showed various protein dysregulations. The major pathways dysregulated were those involved in insect defences and immune responses, with Amistar having the strongest impact on these dysregulated pathways. Our results show that even when no response can be seen at a whole organism level, MALDI BeeTyping® can detect effects. Mass spectrometry analysis of bee haemolymph provides a pertinent tool to evaluate stressor impacts on bee health, even at the level of individuals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite and Pesticide Impacts on the Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) Haemolymph Proteome

Askri

Straw

Arafah

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…The most commonly characterized PRPs are peptidoglycan-recognizing proteins (PGRPs), C-type lectins, scavenger receptor, and apolipophorin III (ApoLp-III) [ 62 , 63 , 64 ]. It is reported that the expression of PGRPs in Plutella xylostella and Ostrinia furnacalis was induced to activate the immune response to Bt [ 65 , 66 ]. The silencing of PxPGRP-S1 by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly reduced the expression of AMP, which caused high mortality under Bt treatment [ 67 ].…”

Section: Immunity Induced By Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Xiao

Yao

Bai

et al. 2023

Insects

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the safest, economically successful entomopathogen to date. It is extensively produced in transgenic crops or used in spray formulations to control Lepidopteran pests. The most serious threat to the sustainable usage of Bt is insect resistance. The resistance mechanisms to Bt toxins depend not only on alterations in insect receptors, but also on the enhancement of insect immune responses. In this work, we review the current knowledge of the immune response and resistance of insects to Bt formulations and Bt proteins, mainly in Lepidopteran pests. We discuss the pattern recognition proteins for recognizing Bt, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic signaling pathways, the prophenoloxidase system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nodulation, encapsulation, phagocytosis, and cell-free aggregates, which are involved in immune response reactions or resistance to Bt. This review also analyzes immune priming, which contributes to the evolution of insect resistance to Bt, and puts forward strategies to improve the insecticidal activity of Bt formulations and manage insect resistance, targeting the insect immune responses and resistance.

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“…They are polymorphonuclear leukocyte-expressed (PGRP1), liver-expressed (PGRP2) or secreted proteins (PGRP3 and PGRP4) (93). Up to 19 PGRPs exist in insects, categorized as short (S) and long (L) variants (153). The short versions are found in hemolymph, cuticle and fatbody cells, while the long forms are mostly expressed in hemocytes (154).…”

Section: Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect-pathogen crosstalk and the cellular-molecular mechanisms of insect immunity: uncovering the underlying signaling pathways and immune regulatory function of non-coding RNAs

Mahanta,

Bhoi,

Komal

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful. Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti-infective mechanisms. Bacterial phagocytosis and parasite encapsulation are some forms of cellular responses. Insects often defend themselves against infections through a humoral response. This phenomenon includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides into the hemolymph. Specific receptors for detecting infection are required for the recognition of foreign pathogens such as the proteins that recognize glucans and peptidoglycans, together referred to as PGRPs and βGRPs. Activation of these receptors leads to the stimulation of signaling pathways which further activates the genes encoding for antimicrobial peptides. Some instances of such pathways are the JAK-STAT, Imd, and Toll. The host immune response that frequently accompanies infections has, however, been circumvented by diseases, which may have assisted insects evolve their own complicated immune systems. The role of ncRNAs in insect immunology has been discussed in several notable studies and reviews. This paper examines the most recent research on the immune regulatory function of ncRNAs during insect-pathogen crosstalk, including insect- and pathogen-encoded miRNAs and lncRNAs, and provides an overview of the important insect signaling pathways and effector mechanisms activated by diverse pathogen invaders.

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Molecular and Functional Characterization of Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins OfPGRP-A and OfPGRP-B in Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Parasite and Pesticide Impacts on the Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) Haemolymph Proteome

Parasite and Pesticide Impacts on the Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) Haemolymph Proteome

Involvement of an Enhanced Immunity Mechanism in the Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lepidopteran Pests

Insect-pathogen crosstalk and the cellular-molecular mechanisms of insect immunity: uncovering the underlying signaling pathways and immune regulatory function of non-coding RNAs

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