Molecular and morphological incongruence in European species of Isothecium (Bryophyta)

Draper, Isabel; Hedenäs, Lars; Grimm, Guido W.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.09.021

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Draper et al, 2007;Grimm et al, 2007;Grimm and Denk, 2008;Kocyan et al, 2008) present bootstrap support values calculated following the findings of Müller (2005b), that increased search effort beyond the use of one simple addition search with TBR branch swapping do not affect bootstrap support values. However, none of these studies test whether this holds true for their dataset although it is known that the outcome of bootstrap analyses may be highly dataset dependent (DeBry and Olmstead, 2000;Mort et al, 2000;Sanderson and Wojciechowski, 2000).…”

Section: Parsimony Analyses and Monophyly Testingmentioning

confidence: 57%

A plastid tree can bring order to the chaotic generic taxonomy of Rytidosperma Steud. s.l. (Poaceae)

Humphreys¹,

Pirie²,

Linder³

2010

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Rytidosperma s.l., wallaby grasses and allies, is in dire need of a single, unanimously accepted generic taxonomy. Motivated by the desire to establish a generic classification that complies with phylogeny, we investigated how much phylogenetic signal is contained within a plastid (cpDNA) tree, given that the nrDNA tree (ITS) was uninformative and that a phylogenetic hypothesis based on a single genome may not be reliable. We find that the plastid tree is significantly different from a morphological cladogram and show that this is the result of homoplasy in the morphological dataset. Treated individually, several morphological characters fit the plastid tree very well. Similarly, we find a good fit of the plastid tree with ecological and distribution characters and with biogeographical patterns in the Southern Hemisphere. We conclude that a significant level of the species phylogeny is resolved by the plastid tree and are confident it can form a sound basis for a reconsideration of generic limits. None of the currently recognised seven genera in the Rytidosperma clade is monophyletic. Therefore, we propose combining the segregate genera in Australasia within a broadly construed Rytidosperma, including all the species from Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and South America.

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Section: Parsimony Analyses and Monophyly Testingmentioning

confidence: 57%

A plastid tree can bring order to the chaotic generic taxonomy of Rytidosperma Steud. s.l. (Poaceae)

Humphreys¹,

Pirie²,

Linder³

2010

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Thus, the evolutionary history of E. prolixum has to be discussed in the course of phylogenetic analyses of Isothecium and the Lembophyllaceae in general. However, recent molecular data were partly incongruent with the morphological circumscription of Isothecium species (Draper et al 2007), and further molecular analyses including E. prolixum have to be carried out to infer its affinities and taxonomic status.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the ‘anomalous’ distribution of Echinodium (Bryopsida: Echinodiaceae): Independent evolution in Macaronesia and Australasia

Stech

Sim‐Sim

Esquível³

et al. 2008

Organisms Diversity & Evolution

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The peculiar disjunction between Macaronesia and Australasia of the morphologically isolated pleurocarpous moss genus Echinodium is one of the most prominent questions in bryology. Echinodium as traditionally circumscribed comprises six extant species, four restricted to the Macaronesian archipelagos and two confined to the Australasian/ Pacific regions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on plastid trnL UAA intron and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences indicate that Echinodium is polyphyletic and split into three groups. Three of the four Macaronesian species (E. spinosum and the single island endemics E. renauldii and E. setigerum) are closely related to each other and treated as Echinodium s.str. (Echinodiaceae). Further clarification of the relationships of Echinodium s.str. with Orthostichella, a segregate of Lembophyllaceae, is needed. The remaining Macaronesian species, E. prolixum, is transferred to Isothecium (Lembophyllaceae); this systematic position is also strongly supported by leaf characters. The two Australasian species, E. hispidum and E. umbrosum, are molecularly unrelated to the Macaronesian species and are transferred to Thamnobryum in the Neckeraceae. While the molecular data suggest that the peculiar distribution pattern of 'Echinodium' is an artefact, the striking morphological similarity observed in Macaronesian and Australasian species cannot be dismissed. Possible explanations are: (i) parallel morphological evolution of the 'Echinodium habit' in Macaronesia and Australasia, or (ii) retention of a set of plesiomorphic characters in non-related groups in relict habitats, the Macaronesian laurel forest and the austral temperate rain forests, respectively. Of these hypotheses, the evolutionary parallelism hypothesis seems more plausible for several reasons, which are discussed.

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“…Bousquet et al 1992), but often incongruence has been encountered (e.g. Geisler 2001, Masters & Brothers 2002, Jousselin et al 2004, Draper et al 2007). Although incongruence between morphological and molecular results was initially considered a negative homoplasious result, it has actually opened a new window in terms of understanding the evolution of morphological characters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Character lability in deep-sea bamboo corals (Octocorallia, Isididae, Keratoisidinae)

Dueñas¹,

Sánchez²

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Morphological traits that appear multiple times when mapped onto molecular phylogenies have been associated with character lability. In an ecological context, functional characters, if labile, could confer advantages for adaptation to specific habitats. Bamboo corals are long-lived, deep-sea octocorals characterized by an obvious modularity, which affords diverse branching morphologies in the Keratoisidinae subfamily. We reconstructed molecular phylogenies using 16S (mitochondrial) and ITS2 (nuclear) ribosomal DNA, and obtained 39 ITS2 and 22 16S sequences from 22 different specimens. The molecular topologies showed Keratoisidinae genera as polyphyletic. Twelve morphological characters were chosen to make the ancestral character reconstruction, none of which exhibited character states forming monophyletic groups when mapped onto molecular phylogenies. The different character states appeared as having been gained and lost multiple times. Modular organisms such as bamboo corals could have higher character evolvability than unitary organisms. Complexity arising from simple body plans is a typical characteristic in most modular organisms, such as plants and colonial marine invertebrates. However, bamboo corals may also exhibit phenotypic plasticity associated with continuous characters, given that they can respond to extrinsic controls. Our results also have direct repercussions on Isididae taxonomy, since morphological characters have been used for their classification. Consequently, we suggest that the current taxonomy of the group is re-evaluated and that the different mechanisms regulating modularity and character evolution in bamboo corals are explored.

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Molecular and morphological incongruence in European species of Isothecium (Bryophyta)

Cited by 54 publications

References 52 publications

A plastid tree can bring order to the chaotic generic taxonomy of Rytidosperma Steud. s.l. (Poaceae)

A plastid tree can bring order to the chaotic generic taxonomy of Rytidosperma Steud. s.l. (Poaceae)

Explaining the ‘anomalous’ distribution of Echinodium (Bryopsida: Echinodiaceae): Independent evolution in Macaronesia and Australasia

Character lability in deep-sea bamboo corals (Octocorallia, Isididae, Keratoisidinae)

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