Molecular and neurologic responses to chronic alcohol use

Costin, Blair N.; Miles, Michael F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00010-0

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…Preclinical and clinical research indicates the following endophenotypes are directly related to the development of ethanol dependence (a) lower initial sensitivity to ethanol's aversive effects (c.f., Bell et al, 2006b, 2012; Colombo et al, 2006; Draski and Deitrich, 1996; Le et al, 2001b; Schuckit and Gold, 1988), (b) greater levels and/or quicker development of ethanol-induced tolerance (c.f., Costin and Miles, 2014; Lê and Mayer, 1996), (c) anxiety-like and/or depressive behavior including during ethanol withdrawal (c.f., Ciccocioppo et al, 2006; Heilig et al, 2010; Kirby et al, 2011; Overstreet et al, 2006; Pautassi et al, 2010; Sjoerds et al, 2014; Thorsell, 2010), (d) stress reactivity (c.f., Barr and Goldman, 2006), and (e) sweet liking/preference (c.f., de Wit and Richards, 2004; Kampov-Polevoy et al, 2014; Lange et al, 2010; Pepino and Mennella, 2007; Perry and Carroll et al, 2008). …”

Section: Background From a Clinical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Rat animal models for screening medications to treat alcohol use disorders

et al. 2017

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The purpose of this review is to present animal research models that can be used to screen and/or repurpose medications for the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence. The focus will be on rats and in particular selectively bred rats. Brief introductions discuss various aspects of the clinical picture, which provide characteristics of individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) to model in animals. Following this, multiple selectively bred rat lines will be described and evaluated in the context of animal models used to screen medications to treat AUDs. Next, common behavioral tests for drug efficacy will be discussed particularly as they relate to stages in the addiction cycle. Tables highlighting studies that have tested the effects of compounds using the respective techniques are included. Wherever possible the Tables are organized chronologically in ascending order to describe changes in the focus of research on AUDs over time. In general, high ethanol-consuming selectively bred rats have been used to test a wide range of compounds. Older studies usually followed neurobiological findings in the selected lines that supported an association with a propensity for high ethanol intake. Most of these tests evaluated the compound's effects on the maintenance of ethanol drinking. Very few compounds have been tested during ethanol-seeking and/or relapse and fewer still have assessed their effects during the acquisition of AUDs. Overall, while a substantial number of neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory system targets have been assessed; the roles of sex- and age-of-animal, as well as the acquisition of AUDs, ethanol-seeking and relapse continue to be factors and behaviors needing further study.

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Section: Background From a Clinical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Rat animal models for screening medications to treat alcohol use disorders

et al. 2017

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“…It is worth noting, while outside the general scope of this review, that chronic alcohol use does result in structural and/or functional atrophy in regions outside of the PFC and hippocampus and that these additional changes cannot be eliminated as potential modulators of the deleterious effects observed in the PFC and hippocampus ( 23 ). Further, research into the cognitive capacities of alcoholic individuals has identified cognitive disorders, such as Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, alcohol dementia, and Marchiafava–Bignami disease, which are directly related to long-term alcohol abuse and cloud our understanding of alcohol’s solitary effects on cognitive functioning ( 24 , 25 ). Similarly, age and concurrent drug use can additionally complicate our understanding of alcohol’s impact; therefore, for the purpose of this review, studies including subjects with chronic alcohol use without poly drug use were evaluated.…”

Section: Impact Of Alcohol On Cognition: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking after Drinking: Impaired Hippocampal-Dependent Cognition in Human Alcoholics and Animal Models of Alcohol Dependence

Staples

Mandyam

2016

Front. Psychiatry

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Alcohol use disorder currently affects approximately 18 million Americans, with at least half of these individuals having significant cognitive impairments subsequent to their chronic alcohol use. This is most widely apparent as frontal cortex-dependent cognitive dysfunction, where executive function and decision-making are severely compromised, as well as hippocampus-dependent cognitive dysfunction, where contextual and temporal reasoning are negatively impacted. This review discusses the relevant clinical literature to support the theory that cognitive recovery in tasks dependent on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is temporally different across extended periods of abstinence from alcohol. Additional studies from preclinical models are discussed to support clinical findings. Finally, the unique cellular composition of the hippocampus and cognitive impairment dependent on the hippocampus is highlighted in the context of alcohol dependence.

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“…Use of alcohol is associated with an increasingly higher risk of sport injuries compared to other injuries (28), especially among women (11). Furthermore, studies have shown addictions, anxiety, depression, amnesia and insomnia to be associated with heavy alcohol consumption (5)(6)33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%