Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of PCR-amplified cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family sequences from representatives of the earliest available lineages of eukaryotes

Riley, Donald E.; Krieger, John N.

doi:10.1007/bf00160311

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, some eukaryotic lineages may have diverged much earlier. To trace back the origin of MADS-box genes further, it would thus be interesting to find out whether MADS-box gene homologs are present in organisms of the earliest-diverging lineages in the eukaryotic line of descent, like the parasitic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis (reviewed by Riley and Krieger 1995).…”

Section: Ancestry Of the Mads-box Gene Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and phylogeny of the MADS-box multigene family suggest defined roles of MADS-box gene subfamilies in the morphological evolution of eukaryotes

1996

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The MADS-box encodes a novel type of DNA-binding domain found so far in a diverse group of transcription factors from yeast, animals, and seed plants. Here, our first aim was to evaluate the primary structure of the MADS-box. Compilation of the 107 currently available MADS-domain sequences resulted in a signature which can strictly discriminate between genes possessing or lacking a MADS-domain and allowed a classification of MADS-domain proteins into several distinct subfamilies. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of known eukaryotic MADS-box genes, which is the first comprising animal as well as fungal and plant homologs, showed that the vast majority of subfamily members appear on distinct subtrees of phylogenetic trees, suggesting that subfamilies represent monophyletic gene clades and providing the proposed classification scheme with a sound evolutionary basis. A reconstruction of the history of the MADS-box gene subfamilies based on the taxonomic distribution of contemporary subfamily members revealed that each subfamily comprises highly conserved putative orthologs and recent paralogs. Some subfamilies must be very old (1,000 MY or more), while others are more recent. In general, subfamily members tend to share highly similar sequences, expression patterns, and related functions. The defined species distribution, specific function, and strong evolutionary conservation of the members of most subfamilies suggest that the establishment of different subfamilies was followed by rapid fixation and was thus highly advantageous during eukaryotic evolution. These gene subfamilies may have been essential prerequisites for the establishment of several complex eukaryotic body structures, such as muscles in animals and certain reproductive structures in higher plants, and of some signal transduction pathways. Phylogenetic trees indicate that after establishment of different subfamilies, additional gene duplications led to a further increase in the number of MADS-box genes. However, several molecular mechanisms of MADS-box gene diversification were used to a quite different extent during animal and plant evolution. Known plant MADS-domain sequences diverged much faster than those of animals, and gene duplication and sequence diversification were extensively used for the creation of new genes during plant evolution, resulting in a relatively large number of interacting genes. In contrast, the available data on animal genes suggest that increase in gene number was only moderate in the lineage leading to mammals, but in the case of MEF2-like gene products, heterodimerization between different splice variants may have increased the combinatorial possibilities of interactions considerably. These observations demonstrate that in metazoan and plant evolution, increased combinatorial possibilities of MADS-box gene product interactions correlated with the evolution of increasingly complex body plans.

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Section: Ancestry Of the Mads-box Gene Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and phylogeny of the MADS-box multigene family suggest defined roles of MADS-box gene subfamilies in the morphological evolution of eukaryotes

1996

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“…This phenomenon may be due to non-specific binding or, less likely, due to specific labelling by the p16 monoclonal antibody and relate to the fact that cyclin-dependent kinases and cell division control sequences are strongly conserved among eukaryotes, including T. vaginalis. 18 The purpose of reporting this finding is to bring attention to the fact that p16 immunoreactive T. vaginalis may be mistaken for small dysplastic or malignant epithelial cells in cervicovaginal specimens. Hence, the presence of this parasite in Pap tests may potentially hinder the routine use of p16 as an adjunct to liquid-based cytology in cervical screening, both in morphologic (slide-based) and direct vial testing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Trichomonas vaginalis P16 Immunoreactivity in cervicovaginal Pap tests: A diagnostic pitfall

Pantanowitz

Florence

Goulart

et al. 2005

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Detection of p16 is emerging as a useful biomarker for Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related dysplastic and malignant lesions of the cervix, and as such has potential application to cervicovaginal Papanicolaou (Pap) specimens. While evaluating p16 immunocytochemistry in our laboratory we observed one Pap test in which Trichomonas vaginalis stained positively for p16. We therefore proceeded to determine the frequency of T. vaginalis immunoreactivity for p16 in 10 consecutive, satisfactory, liquid-based Pap tests diagnosed as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy in which T. vaginalis was present. For each case, a ThinPrep slide prepared from residual vial material was immunostained with p16. In an additional case, a prepared cell block was stained with p16. T. vaginalis were consistently p16 positive. We document, for the first time, p16 immunoreactivity of T. vaginalis that, on a Pap slide and cell block, may be morphologically misinterpreted as small dysplastic or malignant epithelial cells. The presence of this parasite in Pap tests may also potentially hinder the use of p16 as an adjunct to liquid-based cervical screening cytology.

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“…Trichomonads lack mitochondria, and branch very early in the eukaryotic tree (Viscogliosi et al ., 1993;Gunderson et al ., 1995;Riley and Krieger, 1995;Bui et al ., 1996;Roger et al ., 1996;Germot and Philippe, 1999;Keeling and Palmer, 2000). Evolution of the habitat of the trichomonads is uncertain, but they are parasitic in the digestive tracts or the genital organs of vertebrates, and have characteristics adapted to the anaerobic condition in parasitic sites of the host (Paget and Lloyd, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinesis Arrest and Nuclear Fission in Low Density Populations of Trichomonad Protozoan

Hayashi¹,

Sakai²,

Minakuchi-Fujiwara³

et al. 2002

Zoological Science

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Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of PCR-amplified cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family sequences from representatives of the earliest available lineages of eukaryotes

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Classification and phylogeny of the MADS-box multigene family suggest defined roles of MADS-box gene subfamilies in the morphological evolution of eukaryotes

Classification and phylogeny of the MADS-box multigene family suggest defined roles of MADS-box gene subfamilies in the morphological evolution of eukaryotes

Trichomonas vaginalis P16 Immunoreactivity in cervicovaginal Pap tests: A diagnostic pitfall

Cytokinesis Arrest and Nuclear Fission in Low Density Populations of Trichomonad Protozoan

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