Molecular and physiological characterization of the chitin synthase B gene isolated from Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae)

Yang, Xianghua; Yin, Qi; Xu, Yang; Li, Xixi; Sun, Yan; Ma, Lei; Zhou, Dan; Shen, Bo

doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3867-z

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Significant downregulation of GpCHSA and GpCHSB at 48 h post-injection indicated that use of dsRNA was effective (Figures 5 and 6), and the significant decrease of the expression of downstream genes of GpCHSA and GpCHSB, including GpCDA1, GpCDA2, GpCHT3a and GpCDA5, GpCHT-h, GpCHT3b, respectively, indicated GpCHSA and GpCHSB played vital roles in the regulation of their expression. Moreover, we found that G. pyloali wing development was affected by dsCHSA and dsCHSB (Figure 7), which was consistent with the results of other species that also occurred abnormal development after knockdown of CHS expression [17,39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Chitin Synthase Genes in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Shao

Ding

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (G. pyloalis) causes significant damage to mulberry every year, and we currently lack effective and environmentally friendly ways to control the pest. Chitin synthase (CHS) is a critical regulatory enzyme related to chitin biosynthesis, which plays a vital role in the growth and development of insects. The function of CHS in G. pyloalis, however, has not been studied. In this study, two chitin synthase genes (GpCHSA and GpCHSB) were screened from our previously created transcriptome database. The complete coding sequences of the two genes are 5,955 bp and 5,896 bp, respectively. Expression of GpCHSA and GpCHSB could be detected throughout all developmental stages. Relatively high expression levels of GpCHSA occurred in the head and integument and GpCHSB was most highly expressed in the midgut. Moreover, silencing of GpCHSA and GpCHSB using dsRNA reduced expression of downstream chitin metabolism pathway genes and resulted in abnormal development and wings stretching, but did not affect normal pupating of larvae. Furthermore, the inhibitor of chitin synthesis diflubenzuron (DFB) was used to further validate the RNAi result. DFB treatment significantly improved expression of GpCHSA, except GpCHSB, and their downstream genes, and also effected G. Pyloali molting at 48 h (62% mortality rate) and 72 h (90% mortality rate), respectively. These results show that GpCHSA and GpCHSB play critical roles in the development and wing stretching in G. pyloalis adults, indicating that the genes are attractive potential pest control targets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Chitin Synthase Genes in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Shao

Ding

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…From the first studies on CHSs in insects, it was assumed that CHS1 was specific to the integument and CHS2 to the midgut; however, later studies have shown that both CHSs are expressed in the reproductive system. Similarly to our findings, CHSs have been reported in the eggs of the mosquitoes A. gambiae [ 56 ] and Culex pipiens pallen [ 57 ] and in the ovaries and eggs of the planthopper Sogatella furcifera [ 58 ], as well as in the ovaries of the triatomine bug Rhodnius prolixus [ 20 ] and oriental armyworm Mythimna separata [ 58 ] . LsCHS1 and LsCHS2 were not highly expressed in the ovaries and oocytes but their importance for reproduction in L. salmonis possibly earlier in development cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Chitin Synthases Are Critical for Reproduction, Molting, and Digestion in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

Harðardóttir

Male

Nilsen

et al. 2021

Life

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Chitin synthase (CHS) is a large transmembrane enzyme that polymerizes Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine into chitin. The genomes of insects often encode two chitin synthases, CHS1 and CHS2. Their functional roles have been investigated in several insects: CHS1 is mainly responsible for synthesizing chitin in the cuticle and CHS2 in the midgut. Lepeophtheirus salmonis is an ectoparasitic copepod on salmonid fish, which causes significant economic losses in aquaculture. In the present study, the tissue-specific localization, expression, and functional role of L. salmonis chitin synthases, LsCHS1 and LsCHS2, were investigated. The expressions of LsCHS1 and LsCHS2 were found in oocytes, ovaries, intestine, and integument. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) chitin staining signals were detected in ovaries, oocytes, intestine, cuticle, and intestine in adult female L. salmonis. The functional roles of the LsCHSs were investigated using RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of LsCHS1 and LsCHS2. Knockdown of LsCHS1 in pre-adult I lice resulted in lethal phenotypes with cuticle deformation and deformation of ovaries and oocytes in adult lice. RNAi knockdown of LsCHS2 in adult female L. salmonis affected digestion, damaged the gut microvilli, reduced muscular tissues around the gut, and affected offspring. The results demonstrate that both LsCHS1 and LsCHS2 are important for the survival and reproduction in L. salmonis.

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“…Chitin is the main substance of insect wings, and the precise regulation of chitin synthesis and digestion may be crucial for the development of wings ( Zhang et al 2012 , Pesch et al 2016 , Zhao et al 2018 ), which may explain the result of adult wing malformation after the knockdown of Sf -CHI. Previous studies have indicated that CHSB is mainly responsible for chitin synthesis in midgut and peritrophic membrane of larvae ( Zhang et al 2012 , Yang et al 2019a ). In the present study, injection of pupae with dsCHSB resulted in significant lower eclosion rate of pupae ( P < 0.05; Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitinase also function in digestion, defense, and immunity response ( Zhao et al 2018 ). Chitin synthase is an enzyme that transfers NDP-acetylglucosamine to polymerise chitin, catalyses the last step of chitin synthesis ( Yang et al 2019a ). Insect Chitin synthases are divided into two different categories, CHSA and CHSB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insect Chitin synthases are divided into two different categories, CHSA and CHSB. CHSA is mainly located in the cuticle and trachea, while CHSB is mainly responsible for chitin synthesis in midgut and peritrophic membrane during the feeding stage ( Zhang et al 2012 , Yang et al 2019a ). The sugar transporter SWEET1 (ST) functions in carbohydrate transport in a range of organisms from bacteria to mammals, and is responsible for movement of sugar into cells ( Baldwin and Henderson 1989 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interference Efficiency and Effects of Bacterium-mediated RNAi in the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Wan

Shi

et al. 2021

Journal of Insect Science

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RNAi is an effective tool for gene function analysis and a promising strategy to provide environmentally friendly control approaches for pathogens and pests. Recent studies support the utility of bacterium-mediated RNAi as a cost-effective method for gene function study and a suitable externally applied delivery mechanism for pest control. Here, we developed a bacterium-mediated RNAi system in Spodoptera frugiperda based on four target genes, specifically, Chitinase (Sf-CHI), Chitin synthase B (Sf-CHSB), Sugar transporter SWEET1 (Sf-ST), and Hemolin (Sf-HEM). RNAi conducted by feeding larvae with bacteria expressing dsRNAs of target genes or injecting pupae and adults with bacterially synthesized dsRNA induced silencing of target genes and resulted in significant negative effects on growth and survival of S. frugiperda. However, RNAi efficiency and effects were variable among different target genes and dsRNA delivery methods. Injection of pupae with dsCHI and dsCHSB induced a significant increase in wing malformation in adults, suggesting that precise regulation of chitin digestion and synthesis is crucial during wing formation. Injection of female moths with dsHEM resulted in lower mating, fecundity, and egg hatching, signifying a critical role of Sf-HEM in the process of egg production and/or embryo development. Our collective results demonstrate that bacterium-mediated RNAi presents an alternative technique for gene function study in S. frugiperda and a potentially effective strategy for control of this pest, and that Sf-CHI, Sf-CHSB, Sf-ST, and Sf-HEM encoding genes can be potent targets.

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Molecular and physiological characterization of the chitin synthase B gene isolated from Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Chitin Synthase Genes in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Chitin Synthase Genes in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Chitin Synthases Are Critical for Reproduction, Molting, and Digestion in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

Interference Efficiency and Effects of Bacterium-mediated RNAi in the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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