Molecular and serological biomarkers to predict trastuzumab responsiveness in HER-2 positive breast cancer
Loma Al-Mansouri,
Noor Abdullah,
Naael Ali
et al.
Abstract:HER-2-positive breast cancer is characterized by its aggressive nature, poor prognosis, and reduced overall survival. The emergence of trastuzumab resistance is currently considered a global problem. The immune system plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and development. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and other immune checkpoint proteins may be potential prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the correlation between CTLA-4 expressi… Show more
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