Molecular and serological detection of Leishmania infantum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Leptospira spp. in free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from the Atlantic Forest

Yang, Silvia Gabriela Nunes da Silva; Souza, Dênisson da Silva e; Santiago, Ana Claudia da Silva; Silva, Raizza Barros Sousa; Oliveira, Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de; Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido; Costa, Diego Figueiredo da; Higino, Severino Silvano dos Santos; Melo, Márcia Almeida de; Oliveira, Jaqueline Bianque de

doi:10.1007/s10344-020-01452-4

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“…In all Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (Capybara) samples, L. amazonensis, L. panamensis, and Leishmania spp. were identified, as previously reported in other countries [84,85]. This represents the first report in Colombia highlighting the need to conduct studies on this species, which represents an exotic source of consumable meat in the region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

An overview of the trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites infecting several mammal species in Colombia

et al. 2022

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Background Trypanosomatids are among the most critical parasites for public health due to their impact on human, animal, and plant health. Diseases associated with these pathogens manifest mainly in poor and vulnerable populations, where social, environmental, and biological factors modulate the case incidence and geographical distribution. Methods We used Sanger and amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) in samples from different mammals to identify trypanosomatid infections in several departments in Colombia. A total of 174 DNA samples (18 humans, 83 dogs, and 73 wild mammals) were analyzed by conventional PCR using a fragment of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene and Sanger sequenced the positive samples. Twenty-seven samples were sent for amplicon-based NGS using the same gene fragment. Data obtained were used to perform diversity analyses. Results One hundred and thirteen samples were positive for PCR by Hsp70 fragment; these corresponded to 22.1% Leishmania spp., 18.6% L. amazonensis, 9.7% L. braziliensis, 14.2% L. infantum, 8% L. panamensis, and 27.4% Trypanosoma cruzi. Comparison of the identified species by the two sequencing technologies used resulted in 97% concordance. Alpha and beta diversity indices were significant, mainly for dogs; there was an interesting index of coinfection events in the analyzed samples: different Leishmania species and the simultaneous presence of T. cruzi and even T. rangeli in one of the samples analyzed. Moreover, a low presence of L. braziliensis was observed in samples from wild mammals. Interestingly, to our knowledge, this is the first report of Leishmania detection in Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (capybara) in Colombia. Conclusions The Hsp70 fragment used in this study is an optimal molecular marker for trypanosomatid identification in many hosts and allows the identification of different species in the same sample when amplicon-based sequencing is used. However, the use of this fragment for molecular diagnosis through conventional PCR should be carefully interpreted because of this same capacity to identify several parasites. This point is of pivotal importance in highly endemic countries across South America because of the co-circulation of different genera from the Trypanosomatidae family. The findings show an interesting starting point for One Health approaches in which coevolution and vector-host interactions can be studied. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%