Molecular approaches to mosquito parasite interactions

Zheng, Liyun

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1997)34:1<1::aid-arch1>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(89 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Malaria is a vector-borne disease transmitted through the bite of anopheline mosquitoes, the only genus that transmits human malaria 26,47 . In America, the most important species of Anopheles are: An.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Sharing of antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus

Wide

Capaldo²,

Zerpa

et al. 2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe presence of common antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus was demonstrated. Different groups of rabbits were immunized with: crude extract from female An. albimanus (EAaF), red blood cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum (EPfs), and the SPf66 synthetic malaria vaccine. The rabbit´s polyclonal antibodies were evaluated by ELISA, Multiple Antigen Blot Assay (MABA), and immunoblotting. All extracts were immunogenic in rabbits according to these three techniques, when they were evaluated against the homologous antigens. Ten molecules were identified in female mosquitoes and also in P. falciparum antigens by the autologous sera. The electrophoretic pattern by SDS-PAGE was different for the three antigens evaluated. Cross-reactions between An. albimanus and P. falciparum were found by ELISA, MABA, and immunoblotting. Anti-P. falciparum and anti-SPf66 antibodies recognized ten and five components in the EAaF crude extract, respectively. Likewise, immune sera against female An. albimanus identified four molecules in the P. falciparum extract antigen. As far as we know, this is the first work that demonstrates shared antigens between anophelines and malaria parasites. This finding could be useful for diagnosis, vaccines, and the study of physiology of the immune response to malaria.

show abstract

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Sharing of antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus

Wide

Capaldo²,

Zerpa

et al. 2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Transmission requires completion of a complex sporogonic cycle, which takes place over 2 weeks within the mosquito and can be aborted by innate immune responses, such as the encapsulation of early oocysts soon after invasion of the midgut (2). Genes responsible for such refractory phenotypes would be candidates for inclusion in a vector control strategy based on genetically manipulated mosquitoes (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

A Hemocyte-like Cell Line Established from the Malaria VectorAnopheles gambiae Expresses Six Prophenoloxidase Genes

Müller

Dimopoulos²,

Blass

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

250

254

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cell lines from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae have been established as a tool for the study of the mosquito innate immune system in vitro. Here, we describe the first continuous insect cell line that produces prophenoloxidase (PPO). This cell line (4a-3B) expresses constitutively six PPO genes, three of which are novel (PPO4, PPO5, and PPO6). The PPO genes show distinct temporal expression profiles in the intact mosquito, spanning stages from the embryo to the adult in an overlapping manner. Transient induction of larva-specific PPO genes in blood-fed adult females suggests that the developmental hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone may be involved in PPO gene regulation. Indeed, exposure of 4a-3B cells to 20-hydroxyecdysone in culture results in induction of those PPO genes that are mainly expressed in early developmental stages, and repression of PPO5, which is preferentially expressed at the adult stage. The cell line shows bacteria-induced immune transcripts that encode defensin and Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein, but no induction of PPO transcripts. This cell line most likely derives from a hemocyte lineage, and represents an appropriate in vitro model for the study of the humoral and cellular immune defenses of A. gambiae.Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are the principle vectors of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite causing the most severe form of human malaria. However, within the A. gambiae complex mosquitoes may differ in their efficiency of transmitting malaria (1). Transmission requires completion of a complex sporogonic cycle, which takes place over 2 weeks within the mosquito and can be aborted by innate immune responses, such as the encapsulation of early oocysts soon after invasion of the midgut (2). Genes responsible for such refractory phenotypes would be candidates for inclusion in a vector control strategy based on genetically manipulated mosquitoes (3, 4).Vertebrate immune defense has been attributed to two general systems, innate and adaptive immunity, which are interconnected (5). In contrast, insect immune defense lacks the adaptive component and therefore an antibody-mediated immune response. Instead, it fully relies on innate immune mechanisms, such as the inducible synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, and the coagulation and melanization cascades (6, 7). The ongoing exploration of immune mechanisms in A. gambiae is hampered by the small size of this insect, limited knowledge of its genetics, and the absence of an efficient method for germline transformation. Insect cell lines were previously shown to exhibit immune properties, including the inducible synthesis of antibacterial peptides (8 -10). Therefore, we have taken the approach of establishing A. gambiae cell lines as an in vitro system to analyze the immune mechanisms of the mosquito. We have reported that one such line expresses in an inducible manner a panel of immune marker genes (11).In the course of establishing a larger variety of immuneresponsive A. gambiae cell lines, we identified some that secrete prophenoloxidase (PPO...

show abstract

Pathological effects and reduced survival in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks infected with Theileria parva protozoa

Watt¹,

Walker²

2000

Parasitology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pathological effects have been demonstrated in a number of arthropod species as a consequence of parasitic infection. This is usually manifest as reduced arthropod survival and/or fecundity. This paper describes the detrimental effects the protozoan parasite, Theileria parva has on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. R. appendiculatus ticks were dissected and sectioned at regular intervals during their nymph to adult moult after detaching from a T. parva infected calf, and assessed by light and electron microscopy. The reproductive capacity of the T. parva infected ticks was also compared with that of control, uninfected ticks. The number of T. parva forms seen during the ticks' moult were recorded and showed a substantial reduction as the moult progressed. A non-linear relationship between piroplasm ingestion by the engorged nymph and eventual adult salivary gland infection levels was shown. Tick gut and salivary gland pathology was noted at various stages throughout the moult and correlated with the parasite burdens in the affected organs at those timepoints. The reproductive performance of infected ticks was greatly impaired compared to controls. Infected female ticks had longer bloodmeal engorgement times, reduced bloodmeal volumes, smaller egg batch weights and greatly decreased egg hatching success. The pathological effects are discussed in relation to parasite population dynamics within the ticks and compared with similar examples of pathology evidenced with other parasite infected arthropod species.

show abstract

Molecular approaches to mosquito parasite interactions

Cited by 12 publications

References 107 publications

Sharing of antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus

Sharing of antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus

A Hemocyte-like Cell Line Established from the Malaria VectorAnopheles gambiae Expresses Six Prophenoloxidase Genes

Pathological effects and reduced survival in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks infected with Theileria parva protozoa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About