Molecular approaches to nontoxic antifouling

Clare, Anthony S.; Rittschof, Daniel; Gerhart, Donald J.; Maki, James S.

doi:10.1080/07924259.1992.9672258

Cited by 196 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For both algae and larvae, this is well within the 'one-to-several weeks' quoted by Wahl 6 . Rather than the linear successional model, the 'dynamic' model 12,13 provides a more balanced view. It is also misleading to assume that successional colonization of a surface necessarily implies a causal relationship between one stage and the next and even more misleading to assume that controlling or blocking initial stages of colonization, such as biofilm formation, will reduce or eliminate macrofouling.…”

Section: Fouling Organisms and Their Settlement And Adhesion Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the development of environmentally friendly fouling-resistant marine coatings

2011

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'marine biofouling', the undesired growth of marine organisms such as microorganisms, barnacles and seaweeds on submerged surfaces, is a global problem for maritime industries, with both economic and environmental penalties. the primary strategy for combating marine fouling is to use biocide-containing paints, but environmental concerns and legislation are driving science and technology towards non-biocidal solutions based solely on physico-chemical and materials properties of coatings. advances in nanotechnology and polymer science, and the development of novel surface designs 'bioinspired' by nature, are expected to have a significant impact on the development of a new generation of environmentally friendly marine coatings. Marine biofouling, the colonization of submerged surfaces by unwanted marine organisms ( Fig. 1), has detrimental effects on shipping and leisure vessels, heat exchangers, oceanographic sensors and aquaculture systems. For example, it has been shown that the increased roughness presented by a heavily fouled ship hull can result in powering penalties of up to 86% at cruising speed; even relatively light fouling by diatom 'slimes' can generate a 10-16% penalty 1 . Without effective antifouling (AF) measures, in order to maintain speed, fuel consumption (and therefore greenhouse gas emissions 2 ) increase significantly. A recent analysis of the economic impact of biofouling for the Arleigh Burke DDG-51 destroyers, which comprise 30% of the ships in the US Navy fleet, estimates the overall cost associated with hull fouling at $56 million per annum 3 . This figure is based on the present AF coating system, cleaning and fouling level (typically heavy slime) of the Navy. If the analysis is extended to the entire US Navy fleet, the approximate cost of hull fouling is between $180 and 260 million per annum.Marine biofouling is ubiquitous and has been a practical problem ever since man sailed the oceans; controlling it, without simultaneously creating unacceptable environmental impacts on non-target species is a considerable challenge. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the fundamental science behind the processes involved in biofouling, and in the design of novel coatings and other non-coating technologies. The main driver for this is legislation that has outlawed some highly effective AF paints, notably the use of tributyltin oxide, and posed a stricter evaluation and regulatory regime on the use of alternative biocides. 'Green' alternatives to biocide-based technologies are therefore urgently sought by the marine coatings industry, and there is considerable interest in developing biocide-free coatings that rely on surface physico-chemical and bulk materials properties to either deter organisms from attaching in the first place ('prevention is better than cure') or reduce the adhesion strength of those that do attach, so that they are easily removed by the shear forces generated by ship movement or mild mechanical cleaning devices.

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Section: Fouling Organisms and Their Settlement And Adhesion Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the development of environmentally friendly fouling-resistant marine coatings

2011

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“…Soft-bodied benthic invertebrates are believed to have chemical defenses against predators and the overgrowth of other benthic organisms (288). Therefore, metabolites of these invertebrates are potential "environmentally-friendly" antifouling agents (289).…”

Section: Antifoulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Marine Bromotyrosine Derivatives

Peng¹,

Jing²,

Hamann³

2005

The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology

101

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“…The first stage involves the formation of a biofilm mainly composed of bacterial and diatoms incorporated in a polysaccharide matrix (Qian et al 2007). At the second stage, spores of microalgae and larvae of invertebrates settle on the substrate covered with biofilms (Clare et al 1992). Microbial biofilms (micro-fouling) either enhance or inhibit settlement of macro-fouling organisms (Dobretsov et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…n marine environment any undefended natural and man-made substrate is quickly colonized by microand macro-organisms in a process known as "biofouling" (Clare et al 1992;Wahl et al 2012). Biofouling is a multi-stage process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofouling on artificial substrata in Muscat waters

Dobretsov¹

2015

Jour. Agri. & Mar. Scie.

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Macro-fouling communities developed on acrylic, aluminum, wood and fiberglass panels were investigated after 4 months exposure in Marina Bandar al Rawdah and Marina Shangri La. Wet weight of biofouling was about 2-fold higher in Marina Bandar Rawdah and different communities were formed on the front and back sides of the panels. Differences between communities on different materials were less pronounced. In the second study, wet weight and community composition of macro-fouling communities on ceramic tiles at the depth of 1 m and 5 m in Marina Bandar al Rawdah were investigated. During 2008 – 2010, there were no differences between biomass of communities, while in 2011 biomass of macro-fouling was higher on tiles at 5 m. In December 2008 the minimal weight (0 kg/m2) and in September 2011 the maximal weight (26.3 kg/m2) of macro-fouling communities were recorded. In total, 27 invertebrate fouling species were found, which mostly (33%) belonged to phylum Ectoprocta. Three invasive bryozoan (Bugula neritina, Zoobotryon verticillatum and Schizoporella errata) and one invasive tunicate (Ciona intestinalis) species were observed. Overall, this study indicates high biofouling pressure in Muscat marinas and suggests necessity of future studies of fouling communities in Oman waters.

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Molecular approaches to nontoxic antifouling

Cited by 196 publications

References 48 publications

Trends in the development of environmentally friendly fouling-resistant marine coatings

Trends in the development of environmentally friendly fouling-resistant marine coatings

The Marine Bromotyrosine Derivatives

Biofouling on artificial substrata in Muscat waters

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