Molecular Aspects of Bone Remodeling

Parra-Torres, Alma Y; Valdés-Flores, Margarita; Orozco, Lorena; Velázquez‐Cruz, Rafael

doi:10.5772/54905

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The last phase, remodeling, is dominated by OCN, various cytokines, and type I collagen. [15][16][17] During the inflammatory phase, oxygen-based free radicals are formed by phagocytic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils located on the bone surface. 18 These free radicals increase osteoclast formation and bone resorption, which inhibits remineralization of the bone defect or tooth extraction site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Hydroxyapatite and Ellagic Acid in the Osteogenesis

et al. 2020

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Objective Ellagic acid (EA), a phenolic antioxidant, has benefits in bone health and wound healing. The combination of EA and hydroxyapatite (HA) (EA-HA) is expected to increase osteogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze osteogenesis after application of EA-HA according to the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone and the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa- ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and osteocalcin (OCN) protein. Materials and Methods Thirty Wistar rats were assessed with bone defects created in the left femur. The defects were filled with EA-HA and then sutured. Control groups were filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or HA. Each group was sacrificed either 7 or 14 days after treatment. Results The defects filled with EA-HA exhibited the highest number of osteoblasts and the greatest expression of OPG and OCN at both day 7 and day 14 (p = 0.000). Conversely, treatment with EA-HA resulted in lower numbers of osteoclasts and reduced RANKL staining at both time points (p = 0.000). Conclusions EA-HA can increase osteogenesis in bone defects by increasing the number of osteoblasts and the expression of OPG and OCN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Hydroxyapatite and Ellagic Acid in the Osteogenesis

et al. 2020

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“…These cells contribute differently to bone remodeling, according to their differentiation stage. In particular, immature OBs direct osteoclastogenesis, whereas only mature OBs have the ability to produce mineralized tissue [2,3]. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critical for bone development.…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Bone Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bone remodeling is a dynamic process which occurs throughout life, to replace old and damaged bone with the new one [1,2]. It takes place in the "basic multicellular units" (BMUs) consisting of cluster of osteoclasts (OCs), the bone-resorbing cells, and osteoblasts (OBs), the bone forming cells, which work sequentially [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Physical Activity across the Lifespan Can Reduce the Impact of Bone Ageing: A Literature Review

Faienza

Lassandro

Chiarito

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Bone remodeling is a lifelong process, due to the balanced activity of the osteoblasts (OBs), the bone-forming cells, and osteoclasts (OCs), the bone-resorbing cells. This equilibrium is mainly regulated by the WNT-ß-cathenin pathway and the RANK-RANKL/OPG system, respectively. Bone ageing is a process which normally occurs during life due to the imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption, potentially leading to osteoporosis. Bone loss associated with bone ageing is determined by oxidative stress, the result of the increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The promotion of physical exercise during growth increases the chances of accruing bone and delaying the onset of osteoporosis. Several studies demonstrate that physical exercise is associated with higher bone mineral density and lower fracture incidence, and the resulting bone mineral gain is maintained with ageing, despite a reduction of physical activity in adulthood. The benefits of exercise are widely recognized, thus physical activity is considered the best non-pharmacologic treatment for pathologies such as osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We reviewed the physiological mechanisms which control bone remodeling, the effects of physical activity on bone health, and studies on the impact of exercise in reducing bone ageing.

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“…of life. In young organisms, processes of bone formation dominate, followed by a balance between bone resorption and osteogenesis, and when the body is aging the processes of bone resorption dominates (Raisz, 1999;Nied zwiedzki and Kuryszko, 2007;Wawrzyniak and Horst-Sikorska, 2008;Parra-Torres et al, 2013). Cumulative bone microdamages caused by microtraumas together with secondary hyperparathyroidism contribute to the reduction of bone mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%