Molecular aspects of defence priming

Conrath, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2011.06.004

Cited by 684 publications

(560 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, maintenance of these stress-induced chromatin changes after the removal of the initial signal has not been reported, except for some plant defence-response genes. H3K4me3 accumulates on the nucleosomes of defence-response genes before their induction by a pathogen attack 33 or upon chemical priming 6,7 . Priming leads to an increased systemic immunity response on subsequent treatments and stronger transcriptional induction of response-related genes relative to non-exposed plants 6,7,34,35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H3K4me3 accumulates on the nucleosomes of defence-response genes before their induction by a pathogen attack 33 or upon chemical priming 6,7 . Priming leads to an increased systemic immunity response on subsequent treatments and stronger transcriptional induction of response-related genes relative to non-exposed plants 6,7,34,35 . Elevated H3K4me3 levels in the primed state and the subsequent stronger transcriptional response from primed defence genes resembles the transcriptional memory described here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated H3K4me3 levels in the primed state and the subsequent stronger transcriptional response from primed defence genes resembles the transcriptional memory described here. A major difference, however, is that priming establishes H3K4me3 before activation of transcription from defence genes 6,7 . As such, the H3K4me3 does not occur as a mark retained from a previously active state (as with trainable genes) but, rather, appears as a 'preparatory' mark for future inductions 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altered responses to consecutive stresses imply that plants exercise a form of 'stress memory' 4 . For example, tobacco plants pre-exposed to methyl jasmonate increased nicotine pools 2 days earlier when exposed again as compared with plants without previous exposure 5 ; Pretreatment of plants with salicylic acid or its synthetic analogue, benzothiadiazole S-methylester, resulted in increased transcription from a subset of genes upon a subsequent stress 6,7 . Some stress memory effects could be perpetuated to the next generation, as observed with flagellin or ultraviolet radiation 8 treatments.…”

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Multiple exposures to drought 'train' transcriptional responses in Arabidopsis

2012

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Pre-exposure to stress may alter plants' subsequent responses by producing faster and/or stronger reactions implying that plants exercise a form of 'stress memory'. The mechanisms of plants' stress memory responses are poorly understood leaving this fundamental biological question unanswered. Here we show that during recurring dehydration stresses Arabidopsis plants display transcriptional stress memory demonstrated by an increase in the rate of transcription and elevated transcript levels of a subset of the stress-response genes (trainable genes). During recovery (watered) states, trainable genes produce transcripts at basal (preinduced) levels, but remain associated with atypically high H3K4me3 and ser5P polymerase II levels, indicating that RnA polymerase II is stalled. This is the first example of a stalled RnA polymerase II and its involvement in transcriptional memory in plants. These newly discovered phenomena might be a general feature of plant stress-response systems and could lead to novel approaches for increasing the flexibility of a plant's ability to respond to the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple exposures to drought 'train' transcriptional responses in Arabidopsis

2012

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“…Plants 'remember' past events and these experiences influence their responses to attack. For example, plants that have been primed by cues of herbivory respond more rapidly and more strongly to actual attack [56,57]. Despite recent realizations that plants are more capable than previously thought, their lack of cognitive abilities certainly constrain plant responses.…”

Section: Cognitive Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of plants and animals in their responses to risk of consumption

Karban

Orrock

Preisser

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

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Post‐translational modifications in priming the plant immune system: ripe for exploitation?

2018

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Microbes constantly challenge plants, and some can successfully infect their host and cause disease. Basal immunity against plant pathogens in many cases is not enough for survival and leads to disease and, ultimately, a premature death of the host plant. However, the plant immune system can be temporarily and even transgenerationally primed; this 'primed state' leads to changes in the plant involving transcriptional, post-translational, metabolic, physiological and epigenetic reprogramming, which enables fine-tuning defence mechanisms for a rapid and/or more robust response after abiotic and/or biotic stress. This can ultimately affect pathogen infection speed and, hence, decrease its ability to overcome host resistance and the final outcome of the host-pathogen interaction. The role of the three major post-translational modifications (PTMs) (protein ubiquitination, phosphorylation and SUMOylation) in plant immunity has been well established. However, the role of PTMs on defence priming, and how the PTM machinery is affected in primed plants and its connection to plant resistance against biotic/abiotic stress is not well understood. This Review highlights the current state of play of priming-mediated post-translational reprogramming and explores new areas for future research.

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Molecular aspects of defence priming

Cited by 684 publications

References 71 publications

Multiple exposures to drought 'train' transcriptional responses in Arabidopsis

Multiple exposures to drought 'train' transcriptional responses in Arabidopsis

A comparison of plants and animals in their responses to risk of consumption

Post‐translational modifications in priming the plant immune system: ripe for exploitation?

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