Molecular aspects of plastid envelope biochemistry

Joyard, Jacques; Block, Maryse A.; Douce, Roland

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16148.x

Cited by 118 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 253 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…Unexpectedly, a few of the enzymes and intermediates of the Mg-branch of Chl synthesis could be detected in highly purified envelopes from spinach chloroplasts. Results from Douce's group suggest that the entire sequence of reactions starting at protoporphyrinogen IX and which finally yield Pchlide may occur in the plastid envelope (Pineau et al, 1986(Pineau et al, , 1993Joyard et al, 1990Joyard et al, , 1991Matringe et al, 1992). Indeed, a major part of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase activity is associated with the plastid envelope (Matringe et al, 1992).…”

Section: Shedbalkar Et Al (1 991) Demonstrated That 3-monovinyl Pchlidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jennings et al, 1993). The operation of the postulated thylakoid targeting pathway of PORB could also offer an explanation of how the Pchlide synthesized in the plastid envelope (Pineau et al, 1986(Pineau et al, , 1993Joyard et al, 1990Joyard et al, , 1991 can reach the thylakoids. In the dark, PORB could transfer the envelope-synthesized Pchlide to the thylakoid membranes.…”

Section: Regulation Of Por Gene Expression Two Distinct Por Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8). Protochlorophyllide synthesized in the plastid envelope (Joyard et al, 1990(Joyard et al, , 1991 triggers the actual translocation step of pPORA and is likely to operate in close proximity to the plastid import apparatus (Reinbothe et a]., 1995a, b and unpublished results). In etioplasts, the endogenous level of Pchlide is sufficient for the translocation of pPORA, whereas during the light-induced greening, the Pchlide concentration declines drastically (Sundqvist, 1974;Reinbothe et al, 1995e) and soon reaches a level that is too low to allow the import of the precursor protein (Reinbothe et al, 1995a,e).…”

Section: Regulation Of Por Gene Expression Two Distinct Por Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon illumination, POR photoreduces Pchlide to chlorophyllide (Chlide) (Griffiths, 1978;Mapleston and Griffiths, 1980;Santel and Apel, 1981) and, simultaneously, the prolamellar body begins to break (Virgin et al, 1963;Henningsen, 1970;Henningsen et al, 1993). Kahn (1968) proposed that photoconversion of Pchlide and transformation of the prolamellar body may represent a single, photodependent process. As a result of this process, chloroplast differentiation is induced, as observed by the formation of the thylakoids (Virgin et al, 1963;Henningsen, 1970).…”

Section: Morphological Cellular and Molecular Events During The Ligmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Regulation of Enzymes Involved in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

Reinbothe

1996

European Journal of Biochemistry

126

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All living organisms contain tetrapyrroles. In plants, chlorophyll (chlorophyll a plus chlorophyll b) is the most abundant and probably most important tetrapyrrole. It is involved in light absorption and energy transduction during photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is synthesized from the intact carbon skeleton of glutamate via the C, pathway. This pathway takes place in the chloroplast. It is the aim of this review to summarize the current knowledge on the biochemistry and molecular biology of the C,-pathway enzymes, their regulated expression in response to light, and the impact of chlorophyll biosynthesis on chloroplast development. Particular emphasis will be placed on the key regulatory steps of chlorophyll biosynthesis in higher plants, such as 5-aminolevulinic acid formation, the production of Mg*+-protoporphyrin IX, and light-dependent protochlorophyllide reduction.

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Section: Shedbalkar Et Al (1 991) Demonstrated That 3-monovinyl Pchlidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Por Gene Expression Two Distinct Por Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Por Gene Expression Two Distinct Por Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological Cellular and Molecular Events During The Ligmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Regulation of Enzymes Involved in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

Reinbothe

1996

European Journal of Biochemistry

126

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“…ATP hydrolysis is required at least at two distinct steps during the import pathway while a membrane potential necessary in mitochondrial protein transloca tion is not requisite in plastids (6,7). Low concentrations (5-100 μΜ) ATP are required for binding (8), but higher concentrations (0,2-2 mM) to completely translocate the precursor protein into the plastid (9)(10)(11)(12) (18). We will therefore focus on the description of the chloroplast envelope localized translocation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein import into chloroplasts

Lübeck

Heins

Soll

1997

Physiologia Plantarum

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Most chloroplastic proteins are encoded in the nucleus, synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and subsequently imported into the organelle. In general, proteins destined for the chloroplast are synthesized as precursor proteins with a cleavable N‐terminal presequence that mediates routing to the inside of the chloroplast. These precursor proteins have to be targeted to the correct organellar membrane surface after their release from the ribosome and furthermore they have to be maintained in a conformation suitable for translocation across the two envelope membranes. Recognition and import of most chloroplastic precursor proteins are accomplished by a jointly used translocation apparatus. Different but complementary studies of several groups converged recently in the identification of the outer envelope proteins OEP86, OEP75, OEP70 (a Hsp 70‐related protein), OEP34, and of the inner envelope protein IEP110 as components of this translocation machinery. None of these proteins, except for OEP70, shows any homology to components of other protein translocases. The plastid import machinery thus seems to be an original development in evolution. Following translocation into the organelle, chloroplastic proteins are sorted to their suborganellar destination, i.e., the inner envelope membrane, the thylakoid membrane, and the thylakoid lumen. This structural and evolutionary complexity of chloroplasts is reflected by a variety of routing mechanisms by which proteins reach their final location once inside the organelle. This review will focus on recent advances in the identification of components of the chloroplastic protein import machinery, and new insights into the pathways of inter‐and intraorganellar sorting.

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Lipid Metabolism

Schmid

2004

Handbook of Plant Biotechnology

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Lipids are an immensely diverse group of compounds, technically including all biomolecules that dissolve more readily in non‐polar solvents than in water. This review will emphasisze two prominent groups of lipids: the acyl lipids, whose hydrophobic units are derived from fatty acids, and the isoprenoids, made up of five‐carbon isopentene units. Acyl lipids, in the form of the triacylglycerols stored as energy reserves, underpin the vegetable oil industry. In addition, acyl lipids that dominate the bilayers of plant membranes, are indispensable for the protective layers that prevent plant desiccation and pathogen attack, and include several signalling molecules. Isoprenoids are even more diverse than acyl lipids, with more than 25,000known. Two prominent groups are the sterols, which are important membrane constituents, and the carotenoids, which collect light for photosynthesis, protect plants from excessive light, attract pollinators and fruit dispersal agents, and provide vitamin A precursors for consumers. Biotechnology has provided both a tool for understanding plant lipid metabolism, and a means of altering quality and quantity of these constituents to better serve the needs of industry and human nutrition better.

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Molecular aspects of plastid envelope biochemistry

Cited by 118 publications

References 253 publications

The Regulation of Enzymes Involved in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

The Regulation of Enzymes Involved in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

Protein import into chloroplasts

Lipid Metabolism

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