Molecular assessment of differences in the duodenal microbiome in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome

Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, Evangelos J.; Tang, Jie; Pyleris, Emmannouil; Pistiki, Aikaterini; Barbatzas, Charalambos; Brown, Jordan; Lee, Clarence C.; Harkins, Timothy T.; Kim, Gene; Weitsman, Stacy; Barlow, Gillian; Funari, Vincent; Pimentel, Mark

doi:10.3109/00365521.2015.1027261

Cited by 91 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Among them, in the duodenum of IBS‐D patients, Aeromonas decreased and Shinella , Pseudoclavibacter , Leptothrix , and Polaromonas increased. These results were partially consistent with an earlier study of small luminal microbiota in IBS, which found that the frequency of Escherichia , Shigella , and Aeromonas was increased, whereas that of Acinetobacter , Citrobacter , and Microvirgula decreased . Here, we found that the frequency of Faecalibacterium was decreased in the rectum of IBS‐D patients, which was supported by a study by Carroll et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Involvement of shared mucosal‐associated microbiota in the duodenum and rectum in diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Yang

Jin

et al. 2018

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Involvement of shared mucosal‐associated microbiota in the duodenum and rectum in diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Yang

Jin

et al. 2018

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…are mostly seen in patients with blind loop syndrome such as patients with Billroth II procedure (2). Currently a bacterial concentration of >10 3 c.f.u./ml is generally considered significant (41, 42, 44, 45). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen and Methane-Based Breath Testing in Gastrointestinal Disorders: The North American Consensus

Rezaie

Buresi

Lembo

et al. 2017

American Journal of Gastroenterology

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615

734

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Objectives:Breath tests (BTs) are important for the diagnosis of carbohydrate maldigestion syndromes and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). However, standardization is lacking regarding indications for testing, test methodology and interpretation of results. A consensus meeting of experts was convened to develop guidelines for clinicians and research.Methods:Pre-meeting survey questions encompassing five domains; indications, preparation, performance, interpretation of results, and knowledge gaps, were sent to 17 clinician-scientists, and 10 attended a live meeting. Using an evidence-based approach, 28 statements were finalized and voted on anonymously by a working group of specialists.Results:Consensus was reached on 26 statements encompassing all five domains. Consensus doses for lactulose, glucose, fructose and lactose BT were 10, 75, 25 and 25 g, respectively. Glucose and lactulose BTs remain the least invasive alternatives to diagnose SIBO. BT is useful in the diagnosis of carbohydrate maldigestion, methane-associated constipation, and evaluation of bloating/gas but not in the assessment of oro-cecal transit. A rise in hydrogen of ≥20 p.p.m. by 90 min during glucose or lactulose BT for SIBO was considered positive. Methane levels ≥10 p.p.m. was considered methane-positive. SIBO should be excluded prior to BT for carbohydrate malabsorption to avoid false positives. A rise in hydrogen of ≥20 p.p.m. from baseline during BT was considered positive for maldigestion.Conclusions:BT is a useful, inexpensive, simple and safe diagnostic test in the evaluation of common gastroenterology problems. These consensus statements should help to standardize the indications, preparation, performance and interpretation of BT in clinical practice and research.

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“…Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may be a contributing factor, with culture-based methods indicating higher levels of duodenal microbial populations in patients with IBS compared to healthy controls [43] . In addition, a recent study that used deep sequencing to analyse duodenal aspirates demonstrated the presence of greater levels of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella and Aeromonas species in IBS patients relative to controls [44] . Concurrent dysregulation of bile acid metabolism may play a significant role in disease pathogenesis, particularly in IBS-D, as a significant proportion of patients display evidence of bile acid malabsorption, which is likely to contribute to increases in colonic secretion [45] .…”

Section: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota

Joyce

Gahan²

2017

Dig Dis

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The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a central role in the host metabolism of bile acids through deconjugation and dehydroxylation reactions, which generate unconjugated free bile acids and secondary bile acids respectively. These microbially generated bile acids are particularly potent signalling molecules that interact with host bile acid receptors (including the farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor and TGR5 receptor) to trigger cellular responses that play essential roles in host lipid metabolism, electrolyte transport and immune regulation. Perturbations of microbial populations in the gut can therefore profoundly alter bile acid profiles in the host to impact upon the digestive and signalling properties of bile acids in the human superorganism. A number of recent studies have clearly demonstrated the occurrence of microbial disturbances allied to alterations in host bile acid profiles that occur across a range of disease states. Intestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), short bowel syndrome and Clostridium difficile infection all exhibit concurrent alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and changes to host bile acid profiles. Similarly, extraintestinal diseases and syndromes such as asthma and obesity may be linked to aberrant bile acid profiles in the host. Here, we focus upon recent studies that highlight the links between alterations to gut microbial communities and altered bile acid profiles across a range of diseases from asthma to IBD.

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Molecular assessment of differences in the duodenal microbiome in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract: 16S rDNA sequencing confirms microbial overgrowth in the small bowel in IBS, with a concomitant reduction in diversity. qPCR supports alterations in specific microbial populations in IBS.

Cited by 91 publications

References 47 publications

Involvement of shared mucosal‐associated microbiota in the duodenum and rectum in diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Involvement of shared mucosal‐associated microbiota in the duodenum and rectum in diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Hydrogen and Methane-Based Breath Testing in Gastrointestinal Disorders: The North American Consensus

Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota

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