Molecular Basis of Bacterial Adaptation to a Pathogenic Lifestyle

Hardie, Kim R.; Baldwin, Thomas J.; Williams, Paul

doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0006

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…The target genes regulated via las and rhl overlap considerably and recently a third Lux R homolog (Qsc R) has been identified that further modulates their expression. Apart from AHLS, P. aeruginosa also produces a third quorum sensing signal Biofilms: Microbes and Disease molecule which is essential for the expression of many rhldependent phenotypes as well as biofilms development [9]. Antibiotic therapy in patients colonized with P. aeruginosa often gives a measure of relief from symptoms but fails to cure the beset ongoing infection.…”

Section: Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilms: microbes and disease

Aparna¹,

Yadav²

2008

Braz J Infect Dis

176

137

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Bacteria that attach to surface aggregate in a hydrated polymeric matrix of their own synthesis to form biofilms. These represent microbial societies with their own defense and communication system. Transitioning from acute to chronic infection is frequently associated with biofilm formation.Bacteria in biofilms are innately more resistant to antimicrobial agents. The presence of indwelling medical devices increases the risk for biofilm formation and subsequent infection. The current antibiotic therapies are of limited effectiveness in resolving biofilms infection.This review attempts to discuss the stages in biofilm formation, their pathogenic mechanisms, effect of antimicrobial agents, detection and eradication of the biofilms.

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Section: Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilms: microbes and disease

Aparna¹,

Yadav²

2008

Braz J Infect Dis

176

137

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“…24 Neutrophil elastase is a serine proteinase, that hydrolyzes proteins and destroys the outer membrane of E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, and Yersinia. 70 Moreover elastase hydrolyzes extracellular matrix and causes proteolysis of collagen-IV and elastin of the extracellular matrix, 71 and the aflatoxin B1 bound DNA, parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells. 51…”

Section: Neutrophil Pivotal Role In Kotb Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 24 Neutrophil elastase is a serine proteinase, that hydrolyzes proteins and destroys the outer membrane of E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, and Yersinia. 70 …”

Section: Clinico-pathological Consequence Of Interaction Of Environme...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital aflatoxicosis, mal-detoxification genomics & ontogeny trigger immune-mediated Kotb disease biliary atresia variant: SANRA compliant review

Kotb

Talaat

et al. 2022

Medicine

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Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common indication for pediatric liver transplantation. We describe The BA variant: Kotb disease. Liver tissue in the Kotb disease BA is massively damaged by congenital aflatoxicosis resulting in inflammation, adhesions, fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, scarring, cholestasis, focal syncytial giant cell transformation, and typical immune response involving infiltration by CD4+, CD8+, CD68+, CD14+, neutrophil infiltration, neutrophil elastase spill, heavy loads of aflatoxin B1, accelerated cirrhosis, disruption of p53 and GSTPi, and have null glutathione S transferase M1 (GSTM1). All their mothers are heterozygous for GSTM1. This inability to detoxify aflatoxicosis results in progressive inflammatory adhesions and obliterative cholangiopathy early in life. The typical disruption of both p53 and GSTPi causes loss of fidelity of hepatic regeneration. Hence, regeneration in Kotb disease BA typically promotes accelerated cirrhosis. The immune response in Kotb disease BA is for damage control and initiation of regeneration, yet, this friendly fire incurs massive structural collateral damage. The Kotb disease BA is about actual ongoing hepatic entrapment of aflatoxins with lack of ability of safe disposal due to child detoxification-genomics disarray. The Kotb disease BA is a product of the interaction of persistent congenital aflatoxicosis, genetic lack of GSTM1 detoxification, ontogenically impaired activity of other hepatic detoxification, massive neutrophil-elastase, immune-induced damage, and disturbed regeneration. Ante-natal and neonatal screening for aflatoxicosis, avoiding cord milking, and stringent control of aflatoxicosis content of human, poultry and live-stock feeds might prove effective for prevention, prompt diagnosis and management based on our recent understanding of its patho-genomics.

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“…extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). 2 Biofilm associated microorganisms behave differently from planktonic (freely suspended) organisms with respect to growth rates and ability to resist antimicrobial treatments and therefore Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India pose a public health problem. 3 Biofilms are associated with many medical conditions including indwelling medical devices, dental plaque, upper respiratory tract infections, peritonitis, and urogenital infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital, with special relevance to its risk factors

Gogoi

Sharma

2021

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: The purpose of this study was to detect biofilm formation by bacterial isolates from patients with device associated infection admitted in intensive care units (ICUs), to compare the three methods used for detection of bioiflm, to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the biofilm producers with the non-producers and to study the risk factors associated with biofilm formation.Methods: A total of 115 bacterial isolates from patients with device associated infection admitted in different ICU for a period of one year was included in the study. These clinical isolates were detected for biofilm formation by tissue culture plate method, tube method and Congo red agar method. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method of antibiotic susceptibility was performed on all isolates.Results: Out of the 115 bacterial isolates, 71 were biofilm producers. Tissue culture plate method detected the maximum number of biofilm producers (61.7%). The maximum number of biofilm producers were isolated from tracheal aspirate and endotracheal tubes (52.1%) followed by blood (17%) and urine (12.6%) respectively. The predominant biofilm producing isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (39.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (19.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.9%). Multi drug resistance among the biofilm producers was significantly higher than the non-biofilm producers (p value=0.0125). The risk of biofilm formation was seen to increase with the increase in duration of hospital stay (p value=0.0092, statistically very significant).Conclusions: From this study it was found that a high degree of biofilm producers were isolated from patients on indwelling devices. Tissue culture plate was found to be the most accurate method. The degree of multidrug resistance among the bioiflm producers was significantly higher than the non-producers.

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Molecular Basis of Bacterial Adaptation to a Pathogenic Lifestyle

Cited by 3 publications

References 164 publications

Biofilms: microbes and disease

Biofilms: microbes and disease

Congenital aflatoxicosis, mal-detoxification genomics & ontogeny trigger immune-mediated Kotb disease biliary atresia variant: SANRA compliant review

Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital, with special relevance to its risk factors

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