Molecular biology of Candida pathogenesis

Soll, David R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2384-6_5

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Three different switching systems were first described by Soll et al . [ 14 15 ] The first candida model switching strain, 3153A switching system, discovered in 1985, demonstrated that common strains of C. albicans switched reversibly between a number of variant phenotypes[ 16 17 ] that were quite heterogeneous and produced at least seven different phenotypes including “original smooth,” “star,” “irregular wrinkle,” “ring,” “mottled,” “fuzzy,” and “revertant smooth.”[ 8 16 18 ] Another system included strains that switch between colonies with and without dense myceliation. [ 14 ] Finally, the classically studied strain is white-opaque switching, first discovered in 1987 was isolated from the bloodstream of a bone marrow transplant patient at The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.…”

Section: Phenotypic Switching In Candida Albicans mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic switch: The enigmatic white-gray-opaque transition system of Candida albicans

Bommanavar

Gugwad

Malik

2017

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol

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Candida albicans represents the most common commensal and opportunistic fungal pathogen colonizing humans. As a member of the normal microflora, it is present on the skin and the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and female genital tracts. It is therefore not transmitted. It lies in wait for a change in some aspect of the host physiology that normally suppress growth and invasiveness through an enigmatic phenomenon called Phenotypic Switch System or White-Opaque Transition. This system involves reversible and heritable switching between alternative cellular phenotypes. White–opaque switching in Candida albicans was first discovered in 1987. This was initially identified in strain WO-1. Switching has been demonstrated to occur at sites of infection and to occur between recurrent episodes of infection in select cases esp. AIDS and diabetes.

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Section: Phenotypic Switching In Candida Albicans mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic switch: The enigmatic white-gray-opaque transition system of Candida albicans

Bommanavar

Gugwad

Malik

2017

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol

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The Ins and Outs of DNA Fingerprinting the Infectious Fungi

2000

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SUMMARY DNA fingerprinting methods have evolved as major tools in fungal epidemiology. However, no single method has emerged as the method of choice, and some methods perform better than others at different levels of resolution. In this review, requirements for an effective DNA fingerprinting method are proposed and procedures are described for testing the efficacy of a method. In light of the proposed requirements, the most common methods now being used to DNA fingerprint the infectious fungi are described and assessed. These methods include restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), RFLP with hybridization probes, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and other PCR-based methods, electrophoretic karyotyping, and sequencing-based methods. Procedures for computing similarity coefficients, generating phylogenetic trees, and testing the stability of clusters are then described. To facilitate the analysis of DNA fingerprinting data, computer-assisted methods are described. Finally, the problems inherent in the collection of test and control isolates are considered, and DNA fingerprinting studies of strain maintenance during persistent or recurrent infections, microevolution in infecting strains, and the origin of nosocomial infections are assessed in light of the preceding discussion of the ins and outs of DNA fingerprinting. The intent of this review is to generate an awareness of the need to verify the efficacy of each DNA fingerprinting method for the level of genetic relatedness necessary to answer the epidemiological question posed, to use quantitative methods to analyze DNA fingerprint data, to use computer-assisted DNA fingerprint analysis systems to analyze data, and to file data in a form that can be used in the future for retrospective and comparative studies.

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