Molecular biology of ion motive proteins in comparative models

Wheatly, Michèle G.; Gao, Yongping

doi:10.1242/jeb.01132

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Toxic metals competes with the basolaterally located Na + /K + -ATPase that generates apically and basolaterally located secondary active transport mechanisms. Also, a basolaterally located Ca 2+ -ATPase (Morris and Greenaway, 1992; Wheatley and Gao, 2004) and/or Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger (Flik et al, 1994) are possible candidates for the transport of metals from the gill cells into the hemolymph. Uptake of Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ is blocked in the dissociated crustacean gill cells in vitro by Ca 2+ channel inhibitors verapamil (Sa et al, 2009; Amado et al, 2012), and Cd 2+ uptake is blocked by lanthanim (Lucu and Obersnel, 1996; Pedersen and Bjerregaard, 2000) and diltiazen (Borowitz and McLaughlin, 1992).…”

Section: Branchial Transport and Bioaccumulation Of Toxic Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple functions of the crustacean gill: osmotic/ionic regulation, acid-base balance, ammonia excretion, and bioaccumulation of toxic metals

Henry¹,

Lucu²,

Onken³

et al. 2012

Front. Physio.

374

286

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The crustacean gill is a multi-functional organ, and it is the site of a number of physiological processes, including ion transport, which is the basis for hemolymph osmoregulation; acid-base balance; and ammonia excretion. The gill is also the site by which many toxic metals are taken up by aquatic crustaceans, and thus it plays an important role in the toxicology of these species. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the ecology, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of the mechanisms of osmotic and ionic regulation performed by the gill. The current concepts of the mechanisms of ion transport, the structural, biochemical, and molecular bases of systemic physiology, and the history of their development are discussed. The relationship between branchial ion transport and hemolymph acid-base regulation is also treated. In addition, the mechanisms of ammonia transport and excretion across the gill are discussed. And finally, the toxicology of heavy metal accumulation via the gill is reviewed in detail.

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Section: Branchial Transport and Bioaccumulation Of Toxic Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple functions of the crustacean gill: osmotic/ionic regulation, acid-base balance, ammonia excretion, and bioaccumulation of toxic metals

Henry¹,

Lucu²,

Onken³

et al. 2012

Front. Physio.

374

286

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“…Na + /H + exchanger (NHE) isoforms are located in the cell membrane and in intracellular organelles of mammals (Donowitz and Li, 2007 ). NHE1 regulates intracellular pH and volume, while NHE3 is involved in Na + reabsorption and proton secretion (Wheatly and Gao, 2004 ).…”

Section: Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous electric fields as guiding cue for cell migration

Funk

2015

Front. Physiol.

132

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This review covers two topics: (1) “membrane potential of low magnitude and related electric fields (bioelectricity)” and (2) “cell migration under the guiding cue of electric fields (EF).”Membrane potentials for this “bioelectricity” arise from the segregation of charges by special molecular machines (pumps, transporters, ion channels) situated within the plasma membrane of each cell type (including eukaryotic non-neural animal cells). The arising patterns of ion gradients direct many cell- and molecular biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, regeneration. Furthermore, EF are important as guiding cues for cell migration and are often overriding chemical or topographic cues. In osteoblasts, for instance, the directional information of EF is captured by charged transporters on the cell membrane and transferred into signaling mechanisms that modulate the cytoskeleton and motor proteins. This results in a persistent directional migration along an EF guiding cue. As an outlook, we discuss questions concerning the fluctuation of EF and the frequencies and mapping of the “electric” interior of the cell. Another exciting topic for further research is the modeling of field concepts for such distant, non-chemical cellular interactions.

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“…1) at doses reported in Table 1. All of the reagents used were selected on the basis of high specificity for known electrogenic targets (Drose et al, 1993;Shen et al, 2003;Wheatly and Gao, 2004), and were titered to ensure that the DAI of the treated embryos was normal, thus avoiding confounding randomization caused by midline defects (Danos and Yost, 1996). Embryos were transferred to 0.1ϫ MMR at stage 6-7and scored at stage 45.…”

Section: Pharmacological Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early, H+-V-ATPase-dependent proton flux is necessary for consistent left-right patterning of non-mammalian vertebrates

Adams

Robinson

Fukumoto³

et al. 2006

Development

251

306

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Biased left-right asymmetry is a fascinating and medically important phenomenon. We provide molecular genetic and physiological characterization of a novel, conserved, early, biophysical event that is crucial for correct asymmetry: H + flux. A pharmacological screen implicated the H + -pump H + -V-ATPase in Xenopus asymmetry, where it acts upstream of early asymmetric markers. Immunohistochemistry revealed an actin-dependent asymmetry of H + -V-ATPase subunits during the first three cleavages. H + -flux across plasma membranes is also asymmetric at the four-and eight-cell stages, and this asymmetry requires H + -V-ATPase activity. Abolishing the asymmetry in H + flux, using a dominant-negative subunit of the H + -V-ATPase or an ectopic H + pump, randomized embryonic situs without causing any other defects. To understand the mechanism of action of H + -V-ATPase, we isolated its two physiological functions, cytoplasmic pH and membrane voltage (V mem ) regulation. Varying either pH or V mem , independently of direct manipulation of H + -V-ATPase, caused disruptions of normal asymmetry, suggesting roles for both functions. V-ATPase inhibition also abolished the normal early localization of serotonin, functionally linking these two early asymmetry pathways. The involvement of H + -V-ATPase in asymmetry is conserved to chick and zebrafish. Inhibition of the H + -V-ATPase induces heterotaxia in both species; in chick, H + -V-ATPase activity is upstream of Shh; in fish, it is upstream of Kupffer's vesicle and Spaw expression. Our data implicate H + -V-ATPase activity in patterning the LR axis of vertebrates and reveal mechanisms upstream and downstream of its activity. We propose a pH-and V mem -dependent model of the early physiology of LR patterning. Development 133, 1657Development 133, -1671Development 133, (2006 DEVELOPMENT 1658 necessary to characterize the endogenous behavior of the relevant pumps in embryos and to place their function in the context of known LR patterning mechanisms. Here, we explore the properties of H + -V-ATPase function in several vertebrate embryos. Through endogenous localization of the H + -V-ATPase and gain-and loss-offunction experiments in chick, frog and zebrafish, we identify the H + -V-ATPase as a novel, conserved, obligate component of LR patterning upstream of asymmetric gene expression. KEY WORDS: Left-right asymmetry, H + -V-ATPase, V-ATPase, Xenopus, Chick, Zebrafish, Axial patterning, Cytoplasmic pH, Membrane voltage MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal husbandryXenopus embryos were collected according to standard protocols (Sive et al., 2000) in 0.1ϫ Modified Marc's Ringers (MMR) pH 7.8 + 0.1% Gentamicin. Xenopus embryos were staged according to Nieuwkoop and Faber (Nieuwkoop and Faber, 1967). Chick embryos from Charles River Laboratories, maintained at 38°C, were staged according to Hamburger and Hamilton (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1992). Zebrafish embryos (Westerfield, 1995) were maintained at 28.5°C in water containing 1 drop per gallon Methyl Blue. Assaying organ situsXenopus e...

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Molecular biology of ion motive proteins in comparative models

Cited by 15 publications

References 55 publications

Multiple functions of the crustacean gill: osmotic/ionic regulation, acid-base balance, ammonia excretion, and bioaccumulation of toxic metals

Multiple functions of the crustacean gill: osmotic/ionic regulation, acid-base balance, ammonia excretion, and bioaccumulation of toxic metals

Endogenous electric fields as guiding cue for cell migration

Early, H+-V-ATPase-dependent proton flux is necessary for consistent left-right patterning of non-mammalian vertebrates

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