Molecular Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Dias, Stephanie; Pheiffer, Carmen; Abrahams, Yoonus; Rheeder, Paul; Adam, Sheryl

doi:10.3390/ijms19102926

Cited by 89 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…Currently, screening for GDM is done by using traditional risk factors, [8] the 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) or an OGTT. [6] A number of other novel screening tests are being explored, including fasting plasma glucose, [9] glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), [10] cytokines [11] and molecular biomarkers, [12] which are discussed in more detail below. Screening for traditional risk factors remains the cornerstone of screening strategies in low-and middleincome countries due to costs and ease.…”

Section: Screening Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While genetic variants have been identified in other genes associated with GDM, these were only demonstrated in single populations. [12] The genes identified in ≥2 independent populations include transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), melatonin-receptor 1B gene (MTNR1B), glucokinase (GCK), glucokinase regulator (GCKR), fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), insulin-receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ). Due to variation across different populations, further studies are needed to confirm the association between risk alleles and GDM.…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Africa: What we know so far

2019

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The early detection and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) present an ideal opportunity to decrease perinatal complications and adverse long-term health outcomes in mothers and their offspring. This review describes the major GDM screening and diagnostic strategies used worldwide, including novel screening and diagnostic methods that are being explored. It highlights the varied screening and diagnostic strategies currently employed in South Africa (SA). The lack of uniform GDM diagnostic criteria and variation in clinical practice hamper early detection and management of GDM, which negatively affects maternal and child health. We recommend that an SA diabetes-in-pregnancy study group, comprising interested obstetricians, physicians, endocrinologists, public health specialists, dieticians and scientists, be established to make evidence-based recommendations on affordable, accessible and applicable GDM screening and diagnostic and management strategies.

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Section: Screening Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Africa: What we know so far

2019

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“…This is likely due to participation of pregnancy-related hormones, such as human placental lactogen (HPL). A 30-fold increase of HPL by the 20th week of gestation causes improperly elevated blood sugar levels, which contributes to the developing GDM between the second and the third trimester [17,18]. However, women who enter into pregnancy overweight or obese are at a markedly increased risk of developing GDM.…”

Section: Management Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Undernutrition during Pregnancy

Nguyen¹

2019

Complications of Pregnancy

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Experience in being pregnant is exciting but is very challenging. The term "undernutrition," as used in this chapter, focuses more on inadequate intake of energy and nutrients to meet the desired outcome of a healthy mother and her baby. Evidence shows that women with undernutrition before and during pregnancy have increased risk of metabolic disorders (i.e., gestational diabetes mellitus) and are at increased risk of complications during labor and birth. To date, nutritional therapies promoting healthier pregnancies fall into the following two major categories: (1) management of gestational weight gain and (2) the prevention or treatment of nutrient deficiencies related to pregnancy. A literature search on PubMed, the Cochrane library, Google scholar, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature was conducted to identify the relevant nutritional therapies. As a result, this chapter will analyze and discuss gestational weight gain and its effect on the health of women and her baby. The chapter briefly proposes evidence-based nutritional therapy for gestational diabetes as well as gestational common nutrient imbalance, such as vitamin D, folic acid, and omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid deficiency. The recommendations, in this chapter, would be a partial answer for these problems in Asia.

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“…Gestational diabetes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] For the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in several steps.…”

Section: Overt Hyperthyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of pregnancy induced thyroid disorders, diabetes and hypertension in a tertiary care teaching hospital: an observational study

Mummalaneni¹,

Narasingarao

Myneni³

2019

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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INTRODUCTIONPregnancy induced thyroid disorders, diabetes and hypertension are the common endocrine and cardiovascular disorders seen maternally either in early and late period of pregnancy. Maternal thyroid dysfunction contributes many risk factors which includes increase thyroglobulin levels, renal excretion of iodine due to increased rate of glomerular filtration, alterations in thyroid hormone peripheral metabolism and modifications in iodine transfer to placenta. 1 Iodine requirement increases by 50% during gestation period which can be compensate with synthesis and production of maternal thyroid hormones from gland and 10% increase in gland size is estimated. 2 Pregnancy is a stress factor for thyroid gland which resulting in hypothyroidism with dietary iodine deficiency and very limited thyroidal reserve women. Early pregnancy ABSTRACT Background: Pregnancy induced thyroid disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational hypertension are common problems in women with gestational period. Published literate shows wide range of prevalence in pregnancy induced disorders in other states of India, and as of now the exact prevalence in our study population is not studied. Hence, there present study was aimed to know the prevalence of pregnancy induced disorders in pregnant women in South Indian population. Methods: A total of 120 subjects were followed-up at the time of recruitment to entire gestational period. Standard guidelines were followed for the assessment of thyroid hormone levels, glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and blood pressure values at different intervals and positions. Apart from detailed clinical history has been taken and routine basic and obstetrical investigations were done. Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction (15.0%), gestational diabetes mellitus (11.7%) and gestational hypertension (9.2%) was reported in the present study population. Subclinical hypothyroidism was highest prevalence amount thyroid disorders. Gestational diabetes subjects have mean blood glucose levels of 230.68±17.48 mg/dL with OGTT test. Gestational hypertensive patients had SBP of 152.4±10.8 and DBP of 96.6±6.4; pre-hypertensive subjects had SBP of 134.2±5.48 and DBP of 6.8±4.6 respectively. Conclusions: Our study findings were slightly higher than normal prevalence's which are reported earlier by various authors. We suggested that early screening, diagnosis and treatment are warranted for the prevention of maternal and fetal complications in Indian population.

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Molecular Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 89 publications

References 153 publications

Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Africa: What we know so far

Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Africa: What we know so far

Undernutrition during Pregnancy

Prevalence of pregnancy induced thyroid disorders, diabetes and hypertension in a tertiary care teaching hospital: an observational study

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