Molecular biomarkers in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and clinical relevance

Alqualo, Nathalia Oliveira; Campos-Fernandez, Esther; Picolo, Bianca Uliana; Ferreira, Emanuelle Lorrayne; Henriques, Laila Machado; Lorenti, Sabrina; Moreira, Danilo Caixeta; Simião, Maria Paula Silva; Oliveira, Luciana Beatriz Tiago; Alonso-Goulart, Vivian

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104232

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Although reports show that around 30-60% of PDAC patients have elevated CEA [45], this biomarker has a dismal sensitivity of 25-54% and specificities of 75-91%, which is relatively low for practical use in clinics [46]. To enhance the accuracy and reliability of early diagnosis, many researchers are now focusing on combining CA19-9 and/or CEA with additional factors to create comprehensive panels of biomarkers [47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Traditional Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Nanoparticle-Based Diagnostic and Treatment Options for Pancreatic Cancer

Gu,

Minko

2024

Cancers

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest cancers, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its aggressive, metastatic nature and lack of early detection methods. A key obstacle in PDAC treatment is the highly complex tumor environment characterized by dense stroma surrounding the tumor, which hinders effective drug delivery. Nanotechnology can offer innovative solutions to these challenges, particularly in creating novel drug delivery systems for existing anticancer drugs for PDAC, such as gemcitabine and paclitaxel. By using customization methods such as incorporating conjugated targeting ligands, tumor-penetrating peptides, and therapeutic nucleic acids, these nanoparticle-based systems enhance drug solubility, extend circulation time, improve tumor targeting, and control drug release, thereby minimizing side effects and toxicity in healthy tissues. Moreover, nanoparticles have also shown potential in precise diagnostic methods for PDAC. This literature review will delve into targeted mechanisms, pathways, and approaches in treating pancreatic cancer. Additional emphasis is placed on the study of nanoparticle-based delivery systems, with a brief mention of those in clinical trials. Overall, the overview illustrates the significant advances in nanomedicine, underscoring its role in transcending the constraints of conventional PDAC therapies and diagnostics.

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