Molecular Biosensors for Electrochemical Detection of Infectious Pathogens in Liquid Biopsies: Current Trends and Challenges

Campuzano, Susana; Yáñez‐Sedeño, Paloma; Pingarrón, José M.

doi:10.3390/s17112533

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Optical systems include more straightforward UV/Vis or fluorescence sensors, as well as more complex systems using quantum dot and surface-plasmon-resonance technology or even genetically encoded biosensors [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Examples of electro-(chemical) systems range from basic ampere or voltametric systems over graphene-based field-effect-transistors to DNA-annealing-based redox-reporter assays [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. However, compared to the abundance of new research, the actual commercialization lags behind and market examples welcoming these new innovations are rare [ 19 ].…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point of Care Diagnostics in Resource-Limited Settings: A Review of the Present and Future of PoC in Its Most Needed Environment

et al. 2020

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Point of care (PoC) diagnostics are at the focus of government initiatives, NGOs and fundamental research alike. In high-income countries, the hope is to streamline the diagnostic procedure, minimize costs and make healthcare processes more efficient and faster, which, in some cases, can be more a matter of convenience than necessity. However, in resource-limited settings such as low-income countries, PoC-diagnostics might be the only viable route, when the next laboratory is hours away. Therefore, it is especially important to focus research into novel diagnostics for these countries in order to alleviate suffering due to infectious disease. In this review, the current research describing the use of PoC diagnostics in resource-limited settings and the potential bottlenecks along the value chain that prevent their widespread application is summarized. To this end, we will look at literature that investigates different parts of the value chain, such as fundamental research and market economics, as well as actual use at healthcare providers. We aim to create an integrated picture of potential PoC barriers, from the first start of research at universities to patient treatment in the field. Results from the literature will be discussed with the aim to bring all important steps and aspects together in order to illustrate how effectively PoC is being used in low-income countries. In addition, we discuss what is needed to improve the situation further, in order to use this technology to its fullest advantage and avoid “leaks in the pipeline”, when a promising device fails to take the next step of the valorization pathway and is abandoned.

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Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point of Care Diagnostics in Resource-Limited Settings: A Review of the Present and Future of PoC in Its Most Needed Environment

et al. 2020

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“…As far as pathogen detection in biofluids across paper-based, microfluidic and electrochemical bioassays [38][39][40][41][42], the determined LOD of 10 2 CFU/mL and above is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than the reported 0.093 CFU/mL for electrochemical immunoassays [43]. Furthermore, amplification time and associated capital costs [34][35][36][37] are not required for the proposed hydrogel assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable, Alginate-Based Sensor for Detection of Escherichia coli in Human Breast Milk

Kikuchi

May

Zweber

et al. 2020

Sensors

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There are no existing affordable diagnostics for sensitive, rapid, and on-site detection of pathogens in milk. To this end, an on-site colorimetric-based sustainable assay has been developed and optimized using an L16 (54) Taguchi design to obtain results in hours without PCR amplification. To determine the level of Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination, after induction with 150 µL of breast milk, the B-Per bacterial protein extraction kit was added to a solution containing an alginate-based microcapsule assay. Within this 3 mm spherical novel sensor design, X-Gal (5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl β-d-Galactopyranoside) was entrapped at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. The outward diffusing X-Gal was cleaved by β-galactosidase from E. coli and dimerized in the solution to yield a blue color after incubation at 40 °C. Color intensity was correlated with the level of E. coli contamination using a categorical scale. After an 8 h incubation period, a continuous imaging scale based on intensity normalization was used to determine a binary lower limit of detection (LOD), which corresponded to 102 colony forming unit per mL (CFU/mL) and above. The cost of the overall assay was estimated to be $0.81 per sample, well under the $3 benchmark for state-of-the-art immune-based test kits for pathogen detection in biofluids. Considering the reported binary LOD cutoff of 102 CFU/mL and above, this proposed hydrogel-based assay is suited to meet global requirements for screening breast milk or milk for pathogenic organisms of 104 CFU/mL, with a percentage of false positives to be determined in future efforts.

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“…Electrochemical biosensors use electrodes as conversion elements and immobilize bio-sensitive substances including antigens, antibodies, or enzymes onto the electrode to detect target molecules by specific bio-recognition and antigen interaction [95]. The above reactions can be transformed into electrical signals, such as capacitance, current, potential, or conductivity, to achieve the qualitative or quantitative detection of analytes, resulting in powerful tools for the detection of biological samples [96,97,98].…”

Section: Application Of Microfluidic Combined With Different Technmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic-Based Approaches for Foodborne Pathogen Detection

Zhao

Liu

2019

Microorganisms

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Food safety is of obvious importance, but there are frequent problems caused by foodborne pathogens that threaten the safety and health of human beings worldwide. Although the most classic method for detecting bacteria is the plate counting method, it takes almost three to seven days to get the bacterial results for the detection. Additionally, there are many existing technologies for accurate determination of pathogens, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), but they are not suitable for timely and rapid on-site detection due to time-consuming pretreatment, complex operations and false positive results. Therefore, an urgent goal remains to determine how to quickly and effectively prevent and control the occurrence of foodborne diseases that are harmful to humans. As an alternative, microfluidic devices with miniaturization, portability and low cost have been introduced for pathogen detection. In particular, the use of microfluidic technologies is a promising direction of research for this purpose. Herein, this article systematically reviews the use of microfluidic technology for the rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens. First, microfluidic technology is introduced, including the basic concepts, background, and the pros and cons of different starting materials for specific applications. Next, the applications and problems of microfluidics for the detection of pathogens are discussed. The current status and different applications of microfluidic-based technologies to distinguish and identify foodborne pathogens are described in detail. Finally, future trends of microfluidics in food safety are discussed to provide the necessary foundation for future research efforts.

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Molecular Biosensors for Electrochemical Detection of Infectious Pathogens in Liquid Biopsies: Current Trends and Challenges

Cited by 41 publications

References 59 publications

Point of Care Diagnostics in Resource-Limited Settings: A Review of the Present and Future of PoC in Its Most Needed Environment

Point of Care Diagnostics in Resource-Limited Settings: A Review of the Present and Future of PoC in Its Most Needed Environment

Sustainable, Alginate-Based Sensor for Detection of Escherichia coli in Human Breast Milk

Microfluidic-Based Approaches for Foodborne Pathogen Detection

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