Molecular Breeding of Forage Legumes for Virus Resistance

Kalla, Roger; Chu, Paul; Spangenberg, Germán

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9700-5_13

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It is transmitted by aphids (e.g., Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum) in a nonpersistent manner (23) but is not transmitted by white clover seed. Because of its strong impact on host growth, stolon production, nodulation rate, and yield (24,25), ClYVV can have a multimillion-dollar economic impact on industries reliant on T. repens pastures for production (12).…”

Section: Application Of Enemy Release Model To a Model Host-pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past decade, several commercial genotypes of T. repens have been genetically modified for virus resistance and field tested (12)(13)26) and, together with other lines expressing natural virus resistance, are intended for future agricultural release. However, T. repens is also a globally significant environmental weed, and in some high conservation value ecosystems in Australia, it has become an important invader of native plant communities (27,28).…”

Section: Application Of Enemy Release Model To a Model Host-pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, detailed experimental case studies are few, particularly for understudied but numerically important pathogen groups such as viruses (9). Because a number of plant species being targeted for genetic modification for pathogen resistance (12,13) are also significant components of natural plant communities, this lack of information makes accurate prediction of enemy release in these systems extremely difficult. In this article, we develop a conceptual and experimental framework for evaluating host-pathogen interactions across the realized niche of the host plant and then assess its utility by experimentally quantifying the magnitude and pattern of host population changes expected in a model nonagricultural host-pathogen system after pathogen release.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enemy release after introduction of disease-resistant genotypes into plant–pathogen systems

Godfree¹,

Thrall²,

Young³

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Predicting the magnitude of enemy release in host-pathogen systems after introduction of novel disease resistance genes has become a central problem in ecology. Here, we develop a general quantitative framework for predicting changes in realized niche size and intrinsic population growth rate after introgression of disease resistance genes into wild host populations. We then apply this framework to a model host-pathogen system targeted by genetically modified and conventionally bred disease-resistant host lines (Trifolium repens lines expressing resistance to Clover yellow vein potyvirus) and show that, under a range of ecologically realistic conditions, the introduction of novel pathogen resistance genes into host populations can pose a quantifiable risk to associated nontarget native plant communities. In the host-pathogen system studied, we predict that pathogen release could result in an increase in the intrinsic rate of population growth of up to 15% and the expansion of host populations into some marginal environments. This approach has general applicability to the ecological risk assessment of all novel disease-resistant plant genotypes that target coevolutionary host-pathogen systems for improvement of agricultural productivity.enemy release hypothesis ͉ genetically modified plants ͉ nontarget ecosystems ͉ risk assessment ͉ Trifolium repens U ntil relatively recently, it was thought that diseases were of little importance in most natural plant communities (1, 2), but now it is known that diseases can influence the genetic structure of host populations, the dynamics of host metapopulations, and even the physiognomic and floristic structure of entire natural plant assemblages (1, 3-5). Recent evidence also suggests that release from pathogen attack is at least partly responsible for the success of many invasive species worldwide (the enemy release hypothesis) (6, 7), and indeed several biological control programs owe their success to the suppressive effects of pathogens in weedy host populations (8). For these reasons, it has been suggested that novel pathogen-resistant plants may pose a major risk to the environment, because genes coding for pathogen resistance could result in population expansion and increased invasiveness of either the resistant plant itself or of sexually compatible nontarget species (9, 10). Certainly, the literature is replete with examples of crop protection by means of the introduction of disease resistance genes (11), but is this situation likely in natural systems, and under what conditions could it occur?Although it is clear that newly introduced pathogens can have devastating impacts on naïve host populations (1), surprisingly little information is available about the role of pathogens in shaping the demography of long-term coevolved host-pathogen systems, although effects are likely to be highly variable (1, 2). Moreover, detailed experimental case studies are few, particularly for understudied but numerically important pathogen groups such as viruses (9). Because a number of ...

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Section: Application Of Enemy Release Model To a Model Host-pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Enemy Release Model To a Model Host-pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enemy release after introduction of disease-resistant genotypes into plant–pathogen systems

Godfree¹,

Thrall²,

Young³

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Dudas et al. 1998; Kalla et al. 2001), especially given the track record of T. repens as a weedy species (Holm et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do virus‐resistant plants pose a threat to non‐target ecosystems? I. Evidence from an Australian pathosystem based on glasshouse challenge experiments

et al. 2009

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One key environmental risk associated with the release of novel disease-resistant plants is the potential for non-target host populations to acquire resistance genes and undergo enemy release, leading to damage to associated native plant populations in high conservation-value ecosystems. Unfortunately, the dynamics of most natural pathosystems are poorly understood, and risk assessment of disease-resistant plants remains a challenge.Here we describe the first stage of a multi-tiered risk assessment strategy aimed at quantifying potential ecological release in a model pathosystem (the weedy pasture species Trifolium repens infected with Clover yellow vein virus; ClYVV) in order to assess the level of risk posed by genetically modified and conventionally bred disease-resistant host genotypes to non-target plant communities in south-eastern Australia. Glasshouse inoculation and growth experiments using 14 ClYVV isolates and 20 wild T. repens lines collected from high conservation-value montane grassland and woodland communities show that viral infection reduces the survival and growth of host plants by on average 10-50%. However, T. repens lines exhibited variable levels of resistance and tolerance to virus infection and ClYVV isolates differed in infectivity and aggressiveness, with grassland isolates having a greater pathogenic effect on associated host plants than woodland isolates.We conclude that ClYVV potentially plays an important role in limiting the size of T. repens populations in some at-risk non-target ecosystems and that second-tier field experiments are required to adequately quantify the risk associated with the commercial release of V-R T. repens genotypes in Australia.

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“…There is very limited literature related to breeding strategies for the development of transgenic forages from transformation to commercialisation [6,12], with no literature on the breeding strategies for transgenic Lolium grasses. Both Kalla et al [2] and Woodfield and White [6] described the introgression of a transgene within a molecular breeding program in white clover, an outcrossing forage legume, and are focused on the incorporation of a novel trait into a known genetic background using repeated crossing to a transgenic donor plant to derive plants that are homozygous for the transgene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Molecular Breeding Strategy for the Integration of Transgenic Traits in Outcrossing Perennial Grasses

2016

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Molecular breeding tools, such as genetic modification, provide forage plant breeders with the opportunity to incorporate high value traits into breeding programs which, in some cases, would not be available using any other methodology. Despite the potential impact of these traits, little work has been published that seeks to optimize the strategies for transgenic breeding or incorporate transgenic breeding with other modern genomics-assisted breeding strategies. As the number of new genomics assisted breeding tools become available it is also likely that multiple tools may be used within the one breeding program. In this paper we propose a strategy for breeding genetically-modified forages using perennial ryegrass as an example and demonstrate how this strategy may be linked with other technologies, such as genomic selection. Whilst the model used is perennial ryegrass the principles outlined are valid for those designing breeding strategies for other outcrossing forage species.

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Molecular Breeding of Forage Legumes for Virus Resistance

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

Enemy release after introduction of disease-resistant genotypes into plant–pathogen systems

Enemy release after introduction of disease-resistant genotypes into plant–pathogen systems

Do virus‐resistant plants pose a threat to non‐target ecosystems? I. Evidence from an Australian pathosystem based on glasshouse challenge experiments

Development of a Molecular Breeding Strategy for the Integration of Transgenic Traits in Outcrossing Perennial Grasses

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