Molecular breeding of rice for improved disease resistance, a review

Abstract

Diseases are considered to be the major limiting factors in rice production around the globe. Considering rice as an important cereal crop, developing disease resistant cultivars is a prime objective of breeders. Compared to conventional breeding, molecular breeding especially using marker assisted selection appears to be more effective and precise. The best management of disease is to bring durable wide spectrum resistance in rice cultivars. This can be accomplished by accumulating both qualitative and quantitative resistance genes in to rice cultivars. Introducing these resistance genes from the wild relatives of rice in to commercial cultivars has greatly helped the breeders to accomplish this task. Marker assisted selection is extremely valuable in resolving the issues the breeders face with traditional breeding. A number of transgenic rice lines harboring the so called 'foreign' resistant genes have been produced. However such promising lines must be extensively replicated in fields to evaluate stable integration and continued expression of genes. None the less identification of disease resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), use of marker assisted selection along with gene pyramiding and transgenic approaches all provide breeders a hope to build high yielding disease resistant cultivars. Based on such premises, we can truly envision broadening of our understanding the genetic and molecular basis of disease resistance in rice.

Genetic and Genomic Tools in Sunflower Breeding for Broomrape Resistance

“…The success of selection greatly depends on the presence of genetic variability for the traits concerned [41]. Considering the relatively narrow genetic base of cultivated sunflower, the existing genetic resources are an invaluable source of variability, which can be used for the introduction of agronomically important genes to improve the quality and economic value of sunflower crops.…”

“…It is highly efficient in complete parasite inhibition, and has become preferable among plant breeders due to the simplicity of selection in breeding programs [62]. However, this type of resistance can easily be broken down due to rapid evolution of the pathogen [41,63].…”

“…Pyramiding of more than one gene and QTL into a single genetic background deteriorate parasite to overcome two or more resistance genes, compared to the one controlled by only one single gene. However, gene pyramiding through traditional breeding is difficult to achieve due to linkage drag, which is often difficult to break even after several back crossings [41]. Gene pyramiding through MAS is, therefore, a more effective approach for bringing rapid genetic improvement ( Figure 2).…”

A Review of Genetic Advances Related to Sex Control and Manipulation in Tilapia

“…MAS is one of the most efficient applications of biotechnology to animal breeding (Collard and Mackill ). MAS can greatly improve selection efficiency compared to traditional selection schemes (including individual selection, family selection, within‐family selection, and sib selection) (Rishell ; Khan ). The use of DNA markers to define the genotype and predict the performance of an animal is a powerful aid to animal breeding (Beuzen et al ).…”

QTL mapping for the resistance to yellow rust race CYR34 in triticale

“…Conventional breeding methods are the most popular to develop new varieties, but they have some disadvantages including the considerable time required, the high cost, the low selection efficiency as well as the selection of target traits is affected easily by the environment. Compared with the conventional breeding, molecular breeding by using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS), appears to be more effective and precise (Khan, 2015). The application of molecular markers offers numerous advantages over conventional phenotype-based options as these markers are stable and detectable in all tissues regardless of growth, differentiation, development, or defence status of cells.…”