Molecular changes in detrained &amp; retrained adult jaw muscle

Ödman, Anna; Hunt, NP; Moawad, Hadwah Abdelmatloub; Sinanan, Andrea; Kiliaridis, Stavros; Lewis, Mark P.

doi:10.1093/ejo/cjs083

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is the site of the origin of the deep masseter muscle, which inserts to the lateral surfaces of the body and ramus of the mandible. It was previously found that our rehabilitation model caused an increase of the slow contractile gene expression isoform (MYH 7) levels due to an adaptation to the augmented mechanical load [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The effect of retraining hypofunctional jaw muscles on the transverse skull dimensions of adult rats

Ödman

Bresin

Kiliaridis

2019

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica

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Objective: To experimentally investigate the effects of increased masticatory muscle function on the transverse cranial dimensions on adult rats with an earlier reduced masticatory muscle function. Material and method: Sixty young male rats were used. The experimental group received soft diet for a prolonged period, so that the animals developed weak masticatory muscles. A control group received ordinary hard food during the whole experimental period (27 weeks). After 21 weeks when the animals had nearly ceased their body growth the rats in the experimental group were divided into two groups. One group continued with soft diet until the end of the experiment (hypofunctional group). The other group received ordinary hard food to get the possibility to retrain their masticatory muscles (rehabilitation group). At week 21 and at the end of the experimental period (week 27), axial cephalograms were taken. Fourteen landmarks were defined to measure seven transverse distances of the skull. Results: The increase of the anterior zygomatic arch width and interzygomatic width during the experimental period were larger in the rehabilitation group compared to both the normal and the hypofunctional group. Conclusion: Retraining of masticatory muscles in adult rats leads to increase of some transverse cranial dimensions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The effect of retraining hypofunctional jaw muscles on the transverse skull dimensions of adult rats

Ödman

Bresin

Kiliaridis

2019

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica

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“…As previous studies have shown, in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, the adult phenotype is determined by an increase in slow-type fibres, which is related to a mature pattern of innervation and physical activity of limb muscles [ 18 ] and is in line with the findings of the current study where an increased Myh7 (MyHC-I) expression was observed in the adult rats compared to the young rats. Similarly, at the level of the masticatory muscles, Odman et al [ 3 ] found that the alteration of the diet from a soft diet to a hard diet (masticatory functional rehabilitation) could trigger a transition of the gene expression isoforms with Myh7 levels increasing as an adaptation to the increased mechanical load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to be able to assess and measure the composition of the masticatory muscles with regard to the different fibre types and their size, animal models are required. In doing so, it has been shown in experimental studies involving an animal model (commonly using a rat model) that changes in the functional demands of the masticatory muscles lead to muscular adaptation, influencing muscle fibre type composition and distribution, fibre diameter and size, as well as total muscle weight [ 3 , 4 ]. The above characteristics may provide the functional profile of the muscle in mature subjects, which seems to be relatively stable, provided that no functional changes occur [ 5 ] and that no pathological disturbances are present [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myosin Heavy-Chain Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Expression and Fibre Cross-Sectional Area in Masseter, Digastric, Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles of Young and Adult Rats

Lagou

Schaub

Aït-Lounis

et al. 2023

Biology

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Different demands on the muscles of mastication may influence their functional profile (size and distribution of muscle fibre types), which may change during growth and maturation, potentially influencing craniofacial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA expression and cross-sectional area of masticatory muscle fibres compared with limb muscles in young and adult rats. Twenty-four rats were sacrificed at two different ages, namely 12 at 4 weeks (young) and 12 at 26 weeks (adult). The masseter, digastric, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were dissected. Gene expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms Myh7 (MyHC-I), Myh2 (MyHC-IIa), Myh4 (MyHC-IIb) and Myh1 (MyHC-IIx) in the muscles was measured using qRT-PCR RNA analysis, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the cross-sectional area of different muscle fibre types. Different muscle types and ages were compared. Significant differences were found in the functional profile between masticatory and limb muscles. For the masticatory muscles, there was an increase in Myh4 expression with age, and this change was more intense for the masseter muscles, which also presented an increase in Myh1 expression, similarly to limb muscles. The fibre cross-sectional area of the masticatory muscles was generally smaller in young rats; however, this difference was less pronounced than in limb muscles.

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“…It has been shown that changes in diet hardness affect muscular fiber phenotype and enzyme activity encoded by the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome. Moreover, differences in mRNA expression and expression levels of the myosin heavy chain isoform genes MYH 1 and 2 were revealed in experimental rats fed with a soft or hard diet [ 4 ]. Many genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed between hard- and soft-diet-fed mice in groups of the same feeding period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Diet Consistency on the Mandibular Morphology: A Systematic Review of Studies on Rat Models

Karamani

Tsolakis

Makrygiannakis

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Apart from genetics, environmental factors, such as food consistency, may affect craniofacial morphology and development. The present systematic review aims to systematically investigate and appraise the available evidence regarding the effect of diet consistency on the anatomical structures of the basal bone of the rat mandible. The search was performed without restrictions in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, including grey literature) and hand searching through January 2022. A total of 14,904 references were initially identified, and 16 articles were finally included in the systematic review. Rats that consumed hard diets were found to exhibit an increase inbigonial width, corpus height, condylar depth, condylar base inclination, condylar process inclination, mandibular plane inclination, height and length of angular process, mandibular body height, depth of antegonial notch, growth rate in the gonial angle, angular process convexity and height of condylar process. It was also noted that mandibular depth, mandibular height, ramus angle and angle between the angular process and mandibular plane were decreased in rats that were fed with a hard diet. On the other hand, there were conflicting results about the growth of mandibular length and width, corpus length, mandibular body length, ramus height, condylar length and width, gonial angle and height of coronoid process. From the abovementioned results, it can be concluded that food consistency may affect the morphology of anatomical structures and the overall growth and development of rat mandibles in various ways.

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Molecular changes in detrained & retrained adult jaw muscle

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

The effect of retraining hypofunctional jaw muscles on the transverse skull dimensions of adult rats

The effect of retraining hypofunctional jaw muscles on the transverse skull dimensions of adult rats

Myosin Heavy-Chain Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Expression and Fibre Cross-Sectional Area in Masseter, Digastric, Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles of Young and Adult Rats

Impact of Diet Consistency on the Mandibular Morphology: A Systematic Review of Studies on Rat Models

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