Abstract:Estrogen deprivation is one of the major factors responsible for many age-related processes including poor wound healing in postmenopausal women. However, the reported side-effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) have precluded broad clinical administration. Therefore, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been developed to overcome the detrimental side effects of ERT on breast and/or uterine tissues. The use of natural products isolated from plants (e.g., soy) may represent a promising sou… Show more
“…This phenomenon may be explained by the fact that when the fiber density and amount of drug rise, the likelihood of 3D cell multiplication also increases 39 . But, to understand the biological mechanisms following genistin therapy, it is essential to focus on the potential and innovative pharmacological interventions associated with phytoestrogen-induced wound healing 40 . Figure 11 Cell viability of L929 cultured on nanofibers after 24 and 72 h; this test was performed with a significance level of P < 0.01 with ANOVA analysis.…”
The design of biocompatible cell culture substrates and electrospun nanofibers can improve cell proliferation and behavior in laboratory conditions for tissue engineering applications in medicine. In this research, genistin was obtained by extracting from soybean meal powder, and then by adding polycaprolactone (PCL), genistin nanocapsules were prepared. For the first time, we used a lipophilic nanophase (encapsulated genistin) coated in a hydrophilic nanophase (gelatin /polyvinyl alcohol) as a dual nanosystem by the electrospinning method. In the approach, the nanofibers mimic the natural extracellular matrix, interact favorably with cells being cultured from one side, and raise the local concentration of a bioactive compound at the cell surface. The encapsulated drug which was inserted in fibers with a loading percentage of 92.01% showed appropriate and significant controlled release using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To prove the experiments, analysis using an ultraviolet–visible spectrometer (UV–Vis), 1H NMR spectrometer, Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR), mechanical test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscope transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed. The sample synthesized with 40% drug using the MTT method exhibited remarkable biological effects, viability, and non-toxicity. Additionally, significant proliferation and adhesion on the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 were observed within a 72-h timeframe.
“…This phenomenon may be explained by the fact that when the fiber density and amount of drug rise, the likelihood of 3D cell multiplication also increases 39 . But, to understand the biological mechanisms following genistin therapy, it is essential to focus on the potential and innovative pharmacological interventions associated with phytoestrogen-induced wound healing 40 . Figure 11 Cell viability of L929 cultured on nanofibers after 24 and 72 h; this test was performed with a significance level of P < 0.01 with ANOVA analysis.…”
The design of biocompatible cell culture substrates and electrospun nanofibers can improve cell proliferation and behavior in laboratory conditions for tissue engineering applications in medicine. In this research, genistin was obtained by extracting from soybean meal powder, and then by adding polycaprolactone (PCL), genistin nanocapsules were prepared. For the first time, we used a lipophilic nanophase (encapsulated genistin) coated in a hydrophilic nanophase (gelatin /polyvinyl alcohol) as a dual nanosystem by the electrospinning method. In the approach, the nanofibers mimic the natural extracellular matrix, interact favorably with cells being cultured from one side, and raise the local concentration of a bioactive compound at the cell surface. The encapsulated drug which was inserted in fibers with a loading percentage of 92.01% showed appropriate and significant controlled release using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To prove the experiments, analysis using an ultraviolet–visible spectrometer (UV–Vis), 1H NMR spectrometer, Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR), mechanical test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscope transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed. The sample synthesized with 40% drug using the MTT method exhibited remarkable biological effects, viability, and non-toxicity. Additionally, significant proliferation and adhesion on the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 were observed within a 72-h timeframe.
“…In a previous study, we fabricated a soy protein and collagen hybrid protein scaffold and demonstrated that the scaffold supported the growth of hippocampal neurons, HMC3 cells and neural stem cells [ 24 ]. Other studies have suggested that soy protein may modulate the immune response in wounded tissue, because soy isoflavones regulate cytokine production and the function of immune cells [ 7 , 8 , 43 ]. However, it is not yet known how microglial cells respond to a scaffold containing soy protein.…”
“…Many cytokines, including IL‐10 and IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐ α (TNF‐α), uses tyrosine kinases in their signaling pathways (Dahle et al, 2004 ; Page et al, 2009 ). It has been shown that inhibition of tyrosine kinase by genistein reduces monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1) excretion via inhibition of TNF‐α‐induced NFκ B activation (Čoma et al, 2021 ; Kim, 2021 ). In this regard, genistein‐induced inhibition of tyrosine kinase exerts anti‐inflammatory effects which could be a potential mechanism for preventing SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced lung injury.…”
Section: Pharmacological Effects Of Genistein As a Probable Beneficia...mentioning
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has been caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It is a global problem that humanity has not yet found a definitive solution for it. In this regard, a global effort has been done to find effective or potential adjuvant therapies in order to fight this infection. Genistein is a small, biologically active phytoestrogen flavonoid that is found in high amounts in soy and plants of the Fabaceae family. This important compound is known due to its anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Additionally, protective effects of genistein have been reported in different pathological conditions through modulating intracellular pathways such as PI3K, Akt, mTOR, NF‐κB, PPARγ, AMPK, and Nrf2. Scientific evidence suggests that genistein could have a potential role to treat COVID‐19 through its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant effects. Furthermore, it appears to interfere with intracellular pathways involved in viral entry into the cell. This review provides a basis for further research and development of clinical applications of genistein as a potential alternative therapy to decrease inflammation and oxidative stress in COVID‐19 patients.
Practical applications
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the etiological agent for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has brought unprecedented untold hardship to both developing and developed countries. The inflammation, cytokine storm, and oxidative stress have an important role in the pathogenesis of this infection. In this regard, finding plant‐derived compounds with anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects would be very beneficial in reducing the mortality induced by this infection. Genistein an isoflavone derived from soy‐rich products possesses versatile biological activities. It has potent anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative and immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, this compound may prevent viral entry to host cells and reduce SARS‐CoV2‐induced lung injury. Therefore, we suggest further studies on the effects of genistein on SARS‐Cov‐2 infection.
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