Molecular characteristics of phytoplasmas associated with <i>Flavescence dorée</i> in clematis and grapevine and preliminary results on the role of <i>Dictyophara europaea</i> as a vector

Filippin, Luisa; Jović, Jelena; Cvrković, Tatjana; Forte, Vally; Clair, Denis; Toševski, Ivo; Boudon‐Padieu, E.; Borgo, M.; Angelini, Elisa

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02092.x

Cited by 80 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For stinging nettle, this is supported by diagnostic mutations in all analysed tuf-a genes [36] (this study). A long relationship between tuf-a and the vector may suggest that stinging nettle previously was a lower ranked host of the vector rather than tuf-a had another vector associated with stinging nettle before H. obsoletus acquired it as a new vector, as discussed for the origin of the grapevine yellows disease flavescence dorée (FD) [66]–[68]. For the situation today in North-western Europe where the vector utilises stinging nettle and field bindweed in distinct populations, the introduction of a new symbiont/pathogen has created independent epidemiological cycles resulting in grave disease outbreaks in an accidental foraging-host, grapevine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Vector Dispersal and Host-Plant Fidelity on the Dissemination of an Emerging Plant Pathogen

Johannesen¹,

et al. 2012

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Dissemination of vector-transmitted pathogens depend on the survival and dispersal of the vector and the vector's ability to transmit the pathogen, while the host range of vector and pathogen determine the breath of transmission possibilities. In this study, we address how the interaction between dispersal and plant fidelities of a pathogen (stolbur phytoplasma tuf-a) and its vector (Hyalesthes obsoletus: Cixiidae) affect the emergence of the pathogen. Using genetic markers, we analysed the geographic origin and range expansion of both organisms in Western Europe and, specifically, whether the pathogen's dissemination in the northern range is caused by resident vectors widening their host-plant use from field bindweed to stinging nettle, and subsequent host specialisation. We found evidence for common origins of pathogen and vector south of the European Alps. Genetic patterns in vector populations show signals of secondary range expansion in Western Europe leading to dissemination of tuf-a pathogens, which might be newly acquired and of hybrid origin. Hence, the emergence of stolbur tuf-a in the northern range was explained by secondary immigration of vectors carrying stinging nettle-specialised tuf-a, not by widening the host-plant spectrum of resident vectors with pathogen transmission from field bindweed to stinging nettle nor by primary co-migration from the resident vector's historical area of origin. The introduction of tuf-a to stinging nettle in the northern range was therefore independent of vector's host-plant specialisation but the rapid pathogen dissemination depended on the vector's host shift, whereas the general dissemination elsewhere was linked to plant specialisation of the pathogen but not of the vector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Vector Dispersal and Host-Plant Fidelity on the Dissemination of an Emerging Plant Pathogen

Johannesen¹,

et al. 2012

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“…FDp is transmitted by Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Schvester et al, 1963), a leafhopper living and feeding on Vitis that was accidentally introduced into Europe from North America, one century ago (Papura et al, 2012). Recent studies report that FD phytoplasma originated from European wild alders and clematis that surround vineyards (Angelini et al, 2004; Arnaud et al, 2007; Filippin et al, 2009). With respect to Europe’s situation, this suggests a recent association with Vitis vinifera that occurred when S. titanus invaded South European vineyards, and thus propagated the phytoplasma on grapevines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Susceptibilities to Flavescence Dorée in Vitis vinifera, Rootstocks and Wild Vitis Species

et al. 2016

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Flavescence dorée (FD) is a quarantine disease of grapevine, involving interactions between the plants, leafhopper vectors, and FD phytoplasma. Characterizing the susceptibility of vine varieties could limit disease propagation. After extensive surveys in vineyards, we showed that Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) is highly susceptible, with a high proportion of symptomatic branches and phytoplasma titers, in contrast to Merlot (M). Localized insect transmissions and grafting showed that phytoplasma circulate in the whole plant in the CS cultivar, but in M they are restricted to the transmission point. Insect-mediated transmission under high confinement mimicking natural conditions confirmed these phenotypes and allowed the classification of 28 Vitis accessions into three distinct categories, according to the percentage of infected plants and their phytoplasma titers. Reduced symptoms, low phytoplasma titers, and low percentages of infected plants were found to be associated in the Vitis vinifera cultivars tested. Interestingly, the low susceptibility of M was observed for one of its parents, i.e., Magdeleine Noire des Charentes. Rootstocks and their Vitis parents, although having high percentages of infected plants and intermediate to high phytoplasma titers, shared a symptomless response. This is troubling, because rootstocks can constitute a silent reservoir of contamination in mother plants or when they grow wild nearby vineyards. Altogether, data suggest distribution of genetic traits within the Vitis genus involved in insect-mediated phytoplasma transmission, multiplication, circulation, and symptom development.

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“…Alder phytoplasmas, when transmitted to grapevine often induce a non epidemic grapevine yellows known in Germany as Palatinate Grapevine Yellows (Maixner et al, 2000). C. vitalba was found infected in Italy, Hungary and Serbia (Angelini et al, 2004;Filippin et al, 2009;Ember et al, 2011). Multilocus sequence analyses have shown that FDP, alder and clematis phytoplasmas constitute a common genomospecies .…”

Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The planthopper Dictyophora europaea (Linnaeus) (Auchenorrhyncha, Dictyopharidae) has also been proved to transmit FDPs belonging to the 16SrV-C subgroup from C. vitalba to grapevine (Filippin et al, 2009). This species is very unlikely to have a role as a vector in spreading FDP from grapevine to grapevine because of its feeding preferences.…”

Section: Vectors and Their Distribution In The Eumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D. europaea is a polyphagous species feeding on a number of weeds, although its preferred host plants seem to be Amaranthus retroflexus and Urtica dioica (Lessio and Alma, 2008). Moreover, it survives only a few days (3.8 on average) when caged on grapevine (Filippin et al, 2009 Yugoslavia (de Jong, 2013). This planthopper has never been regarded as a pest and its presence on C. vitalba, the alternative host of FDP, is very sporadic (Filippin et al, 2009;Lessio and Alma, 2008).…”

Section: Vectors and Their Distribution In The Eumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation of Grapevine Flavescence dorée

Rossi¹

2014

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Grapevine Flavescence dorée, also known as Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDP), for the European Union (EU) territory. FDP has not yet been defined as a phytoplasma species of the genus Candidatus Phytoplasma. Routine molecular detection assays are available. FDP is transmitted by grafting and vegetative propagation material as well as by insect vectors. FDP is only reported in Europe. Within Europe it is present in Serbia, in Switzerland and in 10 out of 21 countries of the grapevine producing EU countries. Besides grapevine, FDP is also commonly found in other hosts such as Ailanthus, Alnus and Clematis. FDP is included in the annexes II/A/II and II/B of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC. Grapevine, the main host plant, is included into annexes III, IV and V of the Directive 2000/29/EC. FDP is not expected to be affected by EU ecoclimatic conditions wherever its hosts are present and has the potential to establish largely within the EU territory. The specific leafhopper vector of FDP, Scaphoideus titanus, is an invasive insect that was introduced in Europe. It is only in areas where FDP and Scaphoideus titanus are associated that the direct and indirect impacts are considered to be high: yield reduction, death of grapevine plants, costs for disease and vector management procedures. Additional insect vectors are known, but are not directly associated with FDP epidemics. A major outcome of this pest categorisation has been to emphasise the role of S. titanus. Uncertainty lies mostly in the knowledge on specific FDP strain transmissibility, susceptibility of specific grapevine varieties and distribution in alternate hosts. It is not fully known how far the invasive vector insect S. titanus is still enlarging its distribution within the risk assessment area.

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Molecular characteristics of phytoplasmas associated with Flavescence dorée in clematis and grapevine and preliminary results on the role of Dictyophara europaea as a vector

Cited by 80 publications

References 21 publications

Impact of Vector Dispersal and Host-Plant Fidelity on the Dissemination of an Emerging Plant Pathogen

Impact of Vector Dispersal and Host-Plant Fidelity on the Dissemination of an Emerging Plant Pathogen

Contrasting Susceptibilities to Flavescence Dorée in Vitis vinifera, Rootstocks and Wild Vitis Species

Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation of Grapevine Flavescence dorée

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