Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from seafood samples

Abstract

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is considered an opportunistic foodborne pathogen.The present study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence characters, and molecular typing of E. faecalis strains isolated from seafood samples. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-six seafood samples were collected. E. faecalis was isolated from samples using bacterial culture. Furthermore, the disk diffusion assessed their antimicrobial resistance. Also, the distribution of virulence factors was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used for their molecular typing.Results: Fifty-six of 276 (20.2%) seafood samples were contaminated with E. faecalis. Fish harboured the highest contamination rate (30.0%). Isolates harboured the highest resistance rate towards oxacillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (100%), cefoxitin (89.2%), cefazolin (87.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (85.7%), rifampin (69.6%), clindamycin (69.6%), and gentamicin (64.2%) antimicrobials. Efa (100%), ebpA (89.2%), ebpB (58.9%), ebpC (53.5%), and esp (51.7%) were the most commonly detected virulence factors among E. faecalis isolates. RAPD-PCR analysis showed 11 different molecular clusters considering the closeness of more than 80%. Conclusion:Seafood samples were considered reservoirs of virulence and resistant E. faecalis strains. Different molecular clusters of isolates may reflect their diverse sources of contamination.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Determinants in Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Cultured and Wild Fish

“…All isolates from wild fish were susceptible to fosfomycin, a reserve group of antibiotics. Some previously reported studies from Bangladesh, Ghana, and the Persian Gulf also found similar results for these antibiotics [23][24][25]. In this study, in general, we found that E. faecalis strains from cultured fish showed higher levels of antibiotic resistance than those from wild fish, possibly due to the pressure of selective antibiotic uses in fish firms.…”

“…Another study by Petersen and Dalsgaard [ 20 ] reported a 69% presence of E. faecalis in fish intestines from an integrated and traditional fish firm in Thailand. However, a recent study by Noroozi et al [ 21 ] found a lower % prevalence of E. faecalis in fish, of 30%. In another study, Hassan et al [ 22 ] isolated samples from cultured Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil cephalus in Egypt and found a lower prevalence of E. faecalis (50.50%) than ours.…”

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance and quorum sensing assay of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from the urine samples

“…In addition, it posed a serious risk to the patients receiving treatment. Clinical samples of Enterococcus species revealed resistance to ampicillin of 80%, gentamycin of 60%, doxycycline of 73.3%, and vancomycin of 6.7% in Ethiopia [26]. According to the study from the northern region of India [27], no isolates of Enterococcus species were found to be resistant to the antibiotics vancomycin and high levels of gentamycin and streptomycin were both effective against Enterococcus species.…”

Draft genome sequence of biofilm-forming Enterococcus faecalis BAU_Ef01 strain isolated from shrimp ( Penaeus indicus ) in Bangladesh

“…Biofilm-forming bacteria possess several advantages over single planktonic cells, such as enhanced resilience against environmental stress conditions, sanitizers, and antimicrobial agents ( 2 ). Moreover, E. faecalis strains with high virulence and resistance are thought to be found in seafood samples ( 3 ). E. faecalis is one of the primary triggers of hospital-acquired infections and can cause serious infections, including meningitis, bacteremia, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, periodontitis, and others ( 4 ).…”