Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the causative agent of hemoplasma infection in small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes Javanicus)

Sharifiyazdi, Hassan; Nazifi, Saeed; Aski, Hesamaddin Shirzad; Shayegh, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2014.07.002

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Rats in this study appear to be chronically infected, showing no differences in weight, PCV, and TPP when compared to non-infected rats. Although chronic hemoplasma infections may not cause clinical signs or hematologic alterations [ 13 ], there is always risk of spreading the organism to other susceptible animals. It is also recognized that when chronically infected animals are subjected to stress, coinfection, splenectomy, or immunosuppression, they may develop overt, systemic disease [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and identification of hemotropic mycoplasmas (Hemoplasmas) in free ranging and laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) from two Brazilian zoos

et al. 2015

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BackgroundHemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas), bacteria belonging to the class Mollicutes, are obligatory red blood cell pathogens of a variety of animal species. They may cause acute anemia that is life-threatening or chronic disease that is clinically silent, but may interfere with results of experimental studies when using infected animals. Since these bacteria cannot be cultivated, molecular techniques are the gold standard for diagnosing an infection, investigating its prevalence, and describing new species. Mycoplasma coccoides and M. haemomuris are the most commonly recognized hemoplasmas in the blood of wild and laboratory rodents. Neither the epidemiology nor clinical and molecular characterization of hemoplasma infection in free-ranging rodents in Brazil has been previously reported. The aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of hemoplasmas in free-ranging rats (Rattus norvegicus) captured in the Passeio Público and Curitiba Zoo and compare hematologic parameters of infected and non-infected animals.ResultsAnti-coagulated blood samples collected from 43 free-ranging and 20 nursery rats were included in the study. Overall 63.5 % were positive using SYBR® Green quantitative PCR (qPCR) of the 16S rRNA gene to screen for hemoplasma infection (72 % among free-ranging rats; 45 % among laboratory-raised rats). Sequencing of the qPCR products showed that all but one sample had >98 % identity to M. haemomuris. Phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment of approximately 1300 bp of the 16S rRNA gene showed 99 % identity to a new hemoplasma from European rats and 98 % identity to a hemotropic mycoplasma described infecting a European harvest mouse (Micromys minutus). No statistically significant changes in hematologic parameters between infected and non-infected rats were found, confirming the low pathogenicity and/or silent characteristics of the infection.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that hemoplasmas are likely endemic in rodent species in this region. The epidemiology, especially as it relates to the mode of transmission, needs to be further investigated as well as the possibility that other animal species, including humans, might become infected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several new species of hemoplasmas infecting wild and domestic animals were recently described [ 5 – 13 ]. Although most hemotropic mycoplasmas are host specific, interspecies infections [ 14 ] and zoonotic potential have been reported [ 15 – 17 ], supporting the importance of studying these microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and identification of hemotropic mycoplasmas (Hemoplasmas) in free ranging and laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) from two Brazilian zoos

et al. 2015

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“…Their pathogenicity can range, depending on the haemoplasma and mammalian host species, from acutely lifethreatening haemolytic anaemia to chronic infection with no apparent clinical manifestation (Henry, 1979;Hoelzle, Adelt, Hoelzle, Heinritzi, & Wittenbrink, 2003;Strait, Hawkins, & Wilson, 2012;Tasker et al, 2009b). Haemoplasmas are also common in wild animals, infecting a range of mammalian hosts at various prevalence levels, ranging from 3% to 97% (Bajer et al, 2014;Boes et al, 2012;Iso et al, 2013;Mascarelli et al, 2015;Millan, Lopez-Roig, Delicado, Serra-Cobo, & Esperon, 2015;Santos et al, 2013;Sashida, Suzuki, Rokuhara, Nagai, & Harasawa, 2014;Sashida et al, 2013;Sharifiyazdi, Nazifi, Aski, & Shayegh, 2014;Volokhov, Hwang, Chizhikov, Danaceau, & Gottdenker, 2017;Willi et al, 2007c). However, to date, experimental studies and long-term surveys have all been conducted with only a few target haemoplasma species of veterinary importance (e.g., Mycoplasma parvum, M. suis, "Ca.…”

Section: Harrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemoplasmas in wild rodents: Routes of transmission and infection dynamics

et al. 2018

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The way that some parasites and pathogens persist in the hostile environment of their host for long periods remains to be resolved. Here, longitudinal field surveys were combined with laboratory experiments to investigate the routes of transmission and infection dynamics of such a pathogen-a wild rodent haemotropic bacterium, specifically a Mycoplasma haemomuris-like bacterium. Fleaborne transmission, direct rodent-to-rodent transmission and vertical transmission from fleas or rodents to their offspring were experimentally quantified, and indications were found that the main route of bacterial transmission is direct, although its rate of successful transmission is low (~20%). The bacterium's temporal dynamics was then compared in the field to that observed under a controlled infection experiment in field-infected and laboratory-infected rodents, and indications were found, under all conditions, that the bacterium reached its peak infection level after 25-45 days and then decreased to low bacterial loads, which persist for the rodent's lifetime. These findings suggest that the bacterium relies on persistency with low bacterial loads for long-term coexistence with its rodent host, having both conceptual and applied implications.

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“…Their pathogenicity can range, depending on the hemoplasma and mammalian host species, from acutely life-threatening haemolytic anemia to chronic infection with no apparent clinical manifestation [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In the last decade, several new hemoplasma genotypes were described in wild animals worldwide [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Survey and Genetic Diversity of Hemoplasmas in Rodents from Chile

et al. 2020

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Even though hemotrophic mycoplasma (hemoplasma) infections are well documented in a wide variety of hosts worldwide, there is a gap in the knowledge aobut hemoplasmas in rodents. This study aimed to molecularly survey and investigate the genetic diversity of hemoplasmas in rodents from Chile. Synanthropic and wild rodents (n = 74) were captured in the southern province of Valdivia (Corral, Valdivia, Riñihue, and Reumén localities). Spleen samples were submitted to a conventional PCR for hemotrophic Mycoplasma spp. targeting the 16S rRNA gene (800 bp), followed by sequencing, phylogenetic, and genetic diversity analyses. The overall occurrence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in rodents from Valdivia was 24.5% (18/74) [95% CI (14.5; 34.1)]. Hemoplasmas were detected in Mus musculus (1/4), Rattus norvegicus (1/16), Abrothrix longipilis (7/13), A. olivaceo (6/8), and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (3/10). The nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the targeted 16S rRNA region showed low diversity, with two genotypes and a high identity to the variants detected in wild rodents from Brazil. Hemoplasmas are described for the first time in rodents from Chile with a moderate occurrence and low 16S rDNA genetic diversity within the sampled rodent population. The detected hemoplasma genotypes were specific to rodents and were not shared with other mammals.

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Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the causative agent of hemoplasma infection in small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes Javanicus)

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Occurrence and identification of hemotropic mycoplasmas (Hemoplasmas) in free ranging and laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) from two Brazilian zoos

Occurrence and identification of hemotropic mycoplasmas (Hemoplasmas) in free ranging and laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) from two Brazilian zoos

Haemoplasmas in wild rodents: Routes of transmission and infection dynamics

Molecular Survey and Genetic Diversity of Hemoplasmas in Rodents from Chile

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