Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma spp. detected from striped leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros vittatus) in Zambia

Qiu, Yongjin; Kajihara, Masahiro; Harima, Hayato; Hang’ombe, Bernard M.; Hayashida, Kyoko; Mori-Kajihara, Akina; Changula, Katendi; Eto, Yoshiki; Ndebe, Joseph; Yoshida, Reiko; Takadate, Yoshihiro; Mwizabi, Daniel; Kawabata, Hiroki; Simuunza, Martin; Mweene, Aaron S.; Sawa, Hirofumi; Takada, Ayato; Sugimoto, Chihiro

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.04.009

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This occurrence coincides with the discovery of a related species of T. dionisii (Trypanosoma sp. sequences type 2) that was detected in Zambia and infecting another bat species, Hipposideros vittatus (Qiu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Increased Phyletic Diversity Within T Dionisii T Vespertilionis and T Livingstoneimentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of Africa: The origins of the protozoan blood parasites of the Trypanosoma cruzi clade found in bats from Africa

Clément

Dietrich

Markotter

et al. 2020

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Section: Increased Phyletic Diversity Within T Dionisii T Vespertilionis and T Livingstoneimentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of Africa: The origins of the protozoan blood parasites of the Trypanosoma cruzi clade found in bats from Africa

Clément

Dietrich

Markotter

et al. 2020

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…In a previous study, Trypanosoma sp. from H. vittatus was found to be clustered with T. conorhini (Qiu et al ., 2019). The current findings, on the contrary, revealed that Trypanosoma sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th_2 and Trypanosoma sp. Nandoum1 from Nandinia binotata from Cameroon (African palm civet) (Hamilton et al ., 2009; Qiu et al ., 2019). It remains unclear how palm civet trypanosome falls within the T. cruzi clade, which is dominated by bat trypanosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Trypanosoma (Trypanosomatidae) in bats from Thailand, with their phylogenetic relationships

et al. 2022

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The vast majority of trypanosome species is vector-borne parasites, with some of them being medically and veterinary important (such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei) and capable of causing serious illness in vertebrate hosts. The discovery of trypanosomes in bats emphasizes the importance of bats as an important reservoir. Interestingly, there is a hypothesis that bats are ancestral hosts of T. cruzi. Trypanosome diversity has never been investigated in bats in Thailand, despite being in a biodiversity hot spot. To gain a better understanding of the diversity and evolutionary relationship of trypanosomes, polymerase chain reaction-based surveys were carried out from 2018 to 2020 in 17 sites. A total of 576 bats were captured, representing 23 species. A total of 38 (6.6%) positive samples was detected in ten bat species. Trypanosoma dionisii and Trypanosoma noyesi were identified from Myotis siligorensis and Megaderma spasma, respectively. The remaining 18S rRNA sequences of trypanosomes were related to other trypanosomes previously reported elsewhere. The sequences in the current study showed nucleotide identity as low as 90.74% compared to those of trypanosomes in the GenBank database, indicating the possibility of new species. All bat trypanosomes identified in the current study fall within the T. cruzi clade. The current study adds to evidence linking T. noyesi to a bat trypanosome and further supports the bat host origin of the T. cruzi clade. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study on bat trypanosomes in Thailand and their phylogenetic relationships with global isolates.

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Double trouble: having two hosts reduces infection prevalence in vectored trypanosomatids

Al-Ghafli

2021

Preprint

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Trypanosomatids are a diverse family of protozoan parasites, some of which cause devastating human and livestock diseases. There are two distinct infection life-cycles in trypanosomatids; some species complete their entire life-cycle in a single host (monoxenous) while others infect two hosts (dixenous). Dixenous trypanosomatids are mostly vectored by insects, and the human trypanosomatid diseases are transmitted mainly by vectored parasites. While infection prevalence has been described for subsets of hosts and trypanosomatids, little is known about whether monoxenous and dixenous trypanosomatids differ in infection prevalence. Here, we use meta-analyses to synthesise all published evidence of trypanosomatid infection prevalence for the last two decades. We employed a semi-automated screening protocol, using machine learning algorithms and natural language processing, resulting in the qualitative inclusion of 569 citations and quantitative inclusion of 261 citations. We find striking difference in infection prevalence with monoxenous species having twice the infection prevalence (19.8%) than dixenous species (8.68%) in both insect and non-insect hosts and are more than three-fold more prevalent in insects (20.9%) compared to their dixenous kins (6.61%). We also find that dixenous trypanosomatids have lower infection prevalence among insects compared to their definitive hosts, which is consistent across dixenous genera. Within the monoxenous trypanosomatids, genera infecting bees are characterised with the highest prevalence, which does not vary between wild and managed bees. To our knowledge, these results reveal for the first time, a fundamental difference in infection prevalence according to host specificity where vectored species suffer from lower infection prevalence as a result of a ‘jack of all trades, master of none’ style trade-off between the vector and definitive host.

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Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma spp. detected from striped leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros vittatus) in Zambia

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Out of Africa: The origins of the protozoan blood parasites of the Trypanosoma cruzi clade found in bats from Africa

Out of Africa: The origins of the protozoan blood parasites of the Trypanosoma cruzi clade found in bats from Africa

Molecular detection of Trypanosoma (Trypanosomatidae) in bats from Thailand, with their phylogenetic relationships

Double trouble: having two hosts reduces infection prevalence in vectored trypanosomatids

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