Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of<i>Murray Valley encephalitis virus</i>and<i>West Nile virus</i>(Kunjin subtype) from an arbovirus disease outbreak in horses in Victoria, Australia, in 2011

Mann, Rachel; Fegan, Mark; O’Riley, Kim; Motha, Julian; Warner, Simone

doi:10.1177/1040638712467985

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…WNV KUN isolates from 2011 were almost identical with the Victorian and NSW isolates sharing 99% nucleotide identity [6]. Further analysis of WNV KUN isolates from 2011 has identified a substitution within the NS5 gene at residue 49 (2577; I→V) located in the methyl transferase domain compared to the prototype WNV KUN strain.…”

Section: Emergence Of the First Virulent Strain In Australia To Camentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Changing Epidemiology of Kunjin Virus in Australia

Prow

2013

IJERPH

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus responsible for outbreaks of viral encephalitis in humans and horses, with particularly virulent strains causing recent outbreaks of disease in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North America. A strain of WNV, Kunjin (WNVKUN), is endemic in northern Australia and infection with this virus is generally asymptomatic. However in early 2011, an unprecedented outbreak of encephalitis in horses occurred in south-eastern Australia, resulting in mortality in approximately 10%–15% of infected horses. A WNV-like virus (WNVNSW2011) was isolated and found to be most closely related to the indigenous WNVKUN, rather than other exotic WNV strains. Furthermore, at least two amino acid changes associated with increased virulence of the North American New York 99 strain (WNVNY99) compared to the prototype WNVKUN were present in the WNVNSW2011 sequence. This review summarizes our current understanding of WNVKUN and how the epidemiology and ecology of this virus has changed. Analysis of virulence determinants of contemporary WNVKUN isolates will provide clues on where virulent strains have emerged in Australia. A better understanding of the changing ecology and epidemiology associated with the emergence of virulent strains is essential to prepare for future outbreaks of WNV disease in Australia.

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Section: Emergence Of the First Virulent Strain In Australia To Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…West Nile virus (WNV) has emerged as a global public health concern, causing large outbreaks in the Americas, Europe and more recently Australia [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Kunjin virus (WNV KUN ) is classified within a clade of the WNV group and has traditionally been associated with mild and rare disease in humans and horses in Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Epidemiology of Kunjin Virus in Australia

Prow

2013

IJERPH

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“…A significant increase in neurological disease in equines in Australia was also noted in 2011 and this was found to be attributed to concurrent outbreaks of MVEV and a more virulent strain of KUNV (Mann et al, 2013). MVEV and KUNV were also known to co-circulate during the 1974 outbreak (Marshall et al, 1982b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This cross-reactivity was not unexpected as the two viruses are closely related, with KUNV virus classified as a sub-type of WNV (Gaunt et al, 2001, Mann et al, 2013. The cross-reactivity can be advantageous.…”

Section: Specificity Sensitivity and Validationmentioning

confidence: 91%