Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus circulating in Morocco during 2016-2017

Touzani, Charifa Drissi; Fellahi, Siham; Gaboun, Fatima; Fihri, Ouafaa Fassi; Baschieri, Selene; Mentag, Rachid; Houadfi, Mohammed El

doi:10.1007/s00705-018-4076-3

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Hence, the IBDV quasispecies cloud composition relies more on the capacity of the polymerase to generate the mutant spectra than the mechanism of replication per se. This characteristic is reflected in the mutation rate of IBDV, which has been reported, as a consensus, in the order of approximately 10 −4 substitutions/site/year [47,62,63], which is one order of magnitude lower than most of the quasispecies viruses [64]. In addition, IBDV shows one of the higher mutation rates in the polymerase gene, as determined by Gao et al [62], concurring with the results of the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Novel Genetic Background of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains Emerging from the Action of Positive Selection

Pikuła

Lisowska

Jasik

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The circulation in Europe of novel reassortant strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), containing a unique genetic background composition, represents a serious problem for animal health. Since the emergence of this novel IBDV mosaic was first described in Poland, this scenario has become particularly attractive to uncover the evolutionary forces driving the genetic diversity of IBDV populations. This study additionally addressed the phenotypic characterization of these emergent strains, as well as the main features affecting the viral fitness during the competition process of IBDV lineages in the field. Our results showed how different evolutionary mechanisms modulate the genetic diversity of co-existent IBDV lineages, leading to the error catastrophe effect, Muller ratchet effect, or prevalence, depending on their genetic compositions. We also determined that the action of the positive selection pressure, depending on the genomic segment on which it is acting, can drive two main phenotypes for IBDV: immune-escaping strains from the selection on segment A or strains with functional advantages from the selection on segment B. This last group seems to possess an increased fitness landscape in the viral quasispecies composition, presenting better adaptability to dissimilar environmental conditions and likely becoming the dominant population. The reassortant strains also exhibited a lower mortality rate compared with the well-known vvIBDV strains, which can facilitate their spreading.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Novel Genetic Background of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains Emerging from the Action of Positive Selection

Pikuła

Lisowska

Jasik

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Indeed, Gumboro disease has been endemic in Morocco since it was first detected in commercial poultry flocks in 1978. Recently, the highly virulent strain very virulent IBDV has been isolated and characterized in many regions of the country, demonstrating that this strain, which is distinct from classic and vaccine strains, is widespread [ 36 ]. Our observation of a high seroprevalence of IBDV in this backyard production system is in agreement with previous serological studies conducted in different countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of major infectious diseases in backyard chickens from rural markets in Morocco

Fagrach,

Arbani,

Karroute

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Raising backyard chickens is a common practice in Morocco, mainly in rural or periurban areas. Constraints due to devastating avian diseases have been recognized as a major limiting factor in backyard poultry production. Consequently, these flocks could potentially be implicated as reservoirs for poultry diseases. However, there is a considerable lack of information on disease prevalence in this production system, and the risk represented by these small flocks remains under debate. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and identify related risk factors of a range of bacterial and viral pathogens of outstanding importance for the economy and public health in backyard poultry in Morocco. Materials and Methods: : A total of 712 sera samples and 258 cloacal swabs were collected from 712 backyard chickens from 15 rural markets in the Khemisset and Skhirat-Temara provinces. None of the sampled chickens received any vaccination. Sera samples were screened for antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 subtype (LPAI H9N2) using a hemagglutination-inhibition test, against bursal infectious disease virus (IBDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) using a rapid serum agglutination test. Swab samples were compiled into 86 pools and submitted for molecular detection using real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The seroprevalences in backyard chickens for NDV, LPAI H9N2, IBDV, IBV, MG, and MS were 52.1% (371/712), 63.5% (452/712), 84.7% (603/712), 82.2% (585/712), 58% (413/712), and 74.8% (533/712), respectively. Based on the RT-PCR results, 2.3% (2/86), 62.8% (54/86), 2.3% (2/86), 63.9% (55/86), 40.7% (35/86), and 29.1% (25/86) of the pools were positive for NDV, H9N2 LPAI, IBDV, IBV, MG, and MS, respectively. Multiple coinfections (H9N2-IBV-MG), (H9N2-IBV-MS), or (IBV-MG-MS) were observed in 15.1%, 8.5%, and 8.5% of the tested samples, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that backyard chicken flocks and rural markets have the potential to serve as reservoirs or amplifiers for poultry pathogens and could pose a risk to the commercial poultry sector. This highlights the need for a comprehensive and adapted vaccination plan for backyard chickens, and extension of efforts to increase flock owners’ awareness of avian diseases and incite the implementation of biosecurity measures at the farm level. Keywords: avian diseases, backyard chickens, low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2, Newcastle disease, risk factors, rural markets.

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“…The primers and probes used as described by [25]. The reaction mixtures and the thermal cycling used in this study followed the protocol as described by [19].…”

Section: Morphometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is why the evaluation of IBDV virulence is very important to understand its epidemiology and contribute to the e cient prevention and control. vvIBDV genotype was detected in broilers ocks in different parts of Morocco, based on the molecular characterization of hypervariable region of VP2 [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and Effects on Lymphoid Organs of Recent Moroccan Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broilers and SPF Chickens

Touzani

Maaroufi

Fellahi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The aim of the current study is to evaluate the pathogenicity of recent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) (1/chicken/Morocco/IB19/2017) genetically characterized as vvIBDV belonging to genogroup 3.Two chicken lines, broiler and speciﬁc-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, were inoculated by occulonasal route with 0.2 ml of the 105EID50 /ml of viral solution of IB19 vvIBDV strain at 29 days of age. The experimental monitoring was carried out during 10 days post challenge (dpc). The clinical signs stared on day 2 pc with maximum severity observed between 3 and 6 dpc. The total mortality rate reached 10% in broilers (group G1) and 93% in SPF (G3). The macroscopic lesions in broilers G1 was a marked hypertrophy of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) with slight haemorrhage observed between 2 to 4 dpc, followed by very pronounced atrophy observed on the 5 dpc. The post-mortem examinations of dead SPF birds (G3) revealed on 3 dpc very haemorrhagic BF with black cherry appearance in 80 % of dead birds. The mean Bursa/Body Index (BBI) of challenged broilers (G1) showed a decrease of 46% on day 9 pc compared to broilers control group (G2) indicating bursal atrophy. The microscopic lesions found in the BF on 3 dpc consisted mainly of inflammation with severe lymphoid depletion of the follicles. The evaluation of recent vvIBDV outbreak is very important to understand its epidemiology and will contribute to the efficient prevention and control of IBD.

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Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus circulating in Morocco during 2016-2017

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

The Novel Genetic Background of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains Emerging from the Action of Positive Selection

The Novel Genetic Background of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains Emerging from the Action of Positive Selection

Prevalence of major infectious diseases in backyard chickens from rural markets in Morocco

Pathogenicity and Effects on Lymphoid Organs of Recent Moroccan Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Broilers and SPF Chickens

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