Molecular characterization of a mutable pigmentation phenotype and isolation of the first active transposable element from
            <i>Sorghum bicolor</i>

Chopra, Surinder; Brendel, Volker; Zhang, Jian Bo; Axtell, John D.; Peterson, Thomas

doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15330

Cited by 96 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The Y1-rr3, y1-ww1, and y1-ww4 alleles resulted from spontaneous excision of the candystripe1 (cs1) transposon. The functionally revertant allele, Y1-rr, arises with a frequency of $10%, and the structure of one such allele has been described previously (Chopra et al 1999;Boddu et al 2004). The nonfunctional y1-ww alleles were obtained with a frequency of 0.1%, and the molecular structure of two y1-ww alleles is described here.…”

Section: Sorghum and Fungal Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and y1-ww indicates a white pericarp and white glumes. The Y1-rr3, y1-ww1, and y1-ww4 alleles used in this study originated from a common progenitor line (CS8110419) that carries a mutable Y1-cs30 (candystripe) allele (Chopra et al 1999). The Y1-rr3, y1-ww1, and y1-ww4 alleles resulted from spontaneous excision of the candystripe1 (cs1) transposon.…”

Section: Sorghum and Fungal Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mutants analyzed in this study are in the yellow seed1 (y1) gene, which encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor. We have previously shown that y1 regulates phlobaphene accumulation and that a Y1-candystripe (Y1-cs) allele carrying an active transposon in y1 produces a variegated seed pericarp phenotype (Chopra et al 1999). The Y1-cs allele also showed partial deficiency in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, providing the first clue to the dual role of this transcription factor (Chopra et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flavonoid Phytoalexin-Dependent Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight Requires a Functional yellow seed1 in Sorghum bicolor

Ibraheem¹,

2010

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In Sorghum bicolor, a group of phytoalexins are induced at the site of infection by Colletotrichum sublineolum, the anthracnose fungus. These compounds, classified as 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, have structural similarities to the precursors of phlobaphenes. Sorghum yellow seed1 (y1) encodes a MYB transcription factor that regulates phlobaphene biosynthesis. Using the candystripe1 transposon mutagenesis system in sorghum, we have isolated functional revertants as well as loss-of-function alleles of y1. These near-isogenic lines of sorghum show that, compared to functionally revertant alleles, loss of y1 lines do not accumulate phlobaphenes. Molecular characterization of two null y1 alleles shows a partial internal deletion in the y1 sequence. These null alleles, designated as y1-ww1 and y1-ww4, do not accumulate 3-deoxyanthocyanidins when challenged with the nonpathogenic fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Further, as compared to the wild-type allele, both y1-ww1 and y1-ww4 show greater susceptibility to the pathogenic fungus C. sublineolum. In fungal-inoculated wild-type seedlings, y1 and its target flavonoid structural genes are coordinately expressed. However, in y1-ww1 and y1-ww4 seedlings where y1 is not expressed, steady-state transcripts of its target genes could not be detected. Cosegregation analysis showed that the functional y1 gene is genetically linked with resistance to C. sublineolum. Overall results demonstrate that the accumulation of sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins and resistance to C. sublineolum in sorghum require a functional y1 gene.

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Section: Sorghum and Fungal Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sorghum and Fungal Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Flavonoid Phytoalexin-Dependent Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight Requires a Functional yellow seed1 in Sorghum bicolor

Ibraheem¹,

2010

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“…Clones homologous to all major plant transposon families were identified, including MuDr, Ac and En/Spm originally described in Zea mays; Soymar (Jarvik et al, 1998) from Glicine max; Tag (Liu and Crawford, 1998) from Arabidopsis thaliana; Candystripe (Chopra et al, 1999) from Sorghum bicolor; Tam (Nacken et al, 1991) from Antirrhinum majus and Tip100 (Habu et al, 1998) from Ipomea purpurea.…”

Section: Expressed Tes In Sugarcanementioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of transposable elements in sugarcane expressed sequence tags (ESTs)

Rossi¹,

Araujo²,

Sluys³

2001

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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The sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) project has produced a large number of cDNA sequences from several plant tissues submitted or not to different conditions of stress. In this paper we report the result of a search for transposable elements (TEs) revealing a surprising amount of expressed TEs homologues. Of the 260,781 sequences grouped in 81,223 fragment assembly program (Phrap) clusters, a total of 276 clones showed homology to previously reported TEs using a stringent cut-off value of e-50 or better. Homologous clones to Copia/Ty1 and Gypsy/Ty3 groups of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons were found but no non-LTR retroelements were identified. All major transposon families were represented in sugarcane including Activator (Ac), Mutator (MuDR), Suppressor-mutator (En/Spm) and Mariner. In order to compare the TE diversity in grasses genomes, we carried out a search for TEs described in sugarcane related species O.sativa, Z. mays and S. bicolor. We also present preliminary results showing the potential use of TEs insertion pattern polymorphism as molecular markers for cultivar identification.

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“…We cloned this p -homologous gene ( p2 ) from a maize stock homozygous for P1-ww-1112 (see Methods). The location and orientation of the p2 gene were deduced by analyzing the structure of an interstitial deletion, p-del2 , generated by a nonlinear transposition involving complete and partial Ac transposable elements inserted in the P1-rr gene (Zhang and Peterson, 1999). In the p-del2 mutant, the 5 Ј region of the p2 gene is joined to the 3Ј portion of the P1-rr gene, indicating that the p2 gene is upstream of p1 and in the same transcriptional orientation.…”

Section: Structural Comparison Of P Gene Homologsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Segmental Gene Duplication Generated Differentially Expressed myb-Homologous Genes in Maize

2000

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The myb -homologous p1 gene regulates the synthesis of flavonoid pigments in maize kernel pericarp and cob; these floral organs are greatly modified in size and shape compared with their counterparts in teosinte, the progenitor of maize. To elucidate the molecular evolution of the p1 gene in relation to its expression and possible functions in maize and teosinte, we have isolated a second maize gene ( p2 ) that is highly homologous with the p1 gene, and a related gene ( p2-t ) from Zea mays subsp parviglumis . We present evidence that the maize p1 and p2 genes were generated by duplication of an ancestral p gene ( p pre ) and its downstream sequences; the duplicated 3 Ј flanking sequences were inserted upstream of the p pre gene, thereby changing its transcription pattern. This model accounts for the structural organization and the observed differential expression of the p1 and p2 genes: p1 transcripts accumulate in kernel pericarp, cob, tassel glumes, and silk, whereas p2 transcripts are found in developing anther and silk. The duplication is estimated to have occurred 2.75 million years ago; subsequently, multiple retroelements have been inserted between the p1 and p2 genes. Our results demonstrate the evolution of a single gene into a compound locus containing two component genes with different tissue specificities. Expression of the p1 gene in the kernel pericarp may have provided a selective advantage during the evolution of maize kernel morphology. INTRODUCTIONEukaryotic genomes have been shaped to a large extent by gene duplications. Changes in ploidy are common in plants and give rise to immediate whole-genome duplications. Local gene duplications are commonly observed in genomic sequence analysis; for example, a 1.9-Mb stretch of Arabidopsis genomic sequence contains eight pairs of related genes, located adjacent to each other and in the same orientation (Bevan et al., 1998). These local sequence repeats apparently are produced by segmental duplications of discreet chromosome intervals. By whatever mechanism they occur, duplications can have a fundamentally important role in evolution. A complete gene duplication produces two identical copies, which then may undergo one of several alternative fates. Both gene copies may retain their original function, enabling the organism to produce a greater quantity of RNA or proteins. Or one of the copies may retain the original function, whereas the other copy may mutate to a functionless state (pseudogene) or acquire mutations that generate a new function (neomorph) (Li and Graur, 1991). Finally, one copy may retain the same coding sequence function but acquire new regulatory elements that specify a different pattern of expression. The latter process is best exemplified in the evolution of genes that regulate biosynthesis of flavonoid pigments in plants. In maize, anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by the combined function of two groups of regulatory genes: the c1/pl genes, which encode Myb-homologous transcriptional activators, and the r/b gene family, which ...

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Molecular characterization of a mutable pigmentation phenotype and isolation of the first active transposable element from Sorghum bicolor

Cited by 96 publications

References 49 publications

Flavonoid Phytoalexin-Dependent Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight Requires a Functional yellow seed1 in Sorghum bicolor

Flavonoid Phytoalexin-Dependent Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight Requires a Functional yellow seed1 in Sorghum bicolor

Survey of transposable elements in sugarcane expressed sequence tags (ESTs)

A Segmental Gene Duplication Generated Differentially Expressed myb-Homologous Genes in Maize

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