Molecular characterization of a porcine sapelovirus strain isolated in China

Abstract

BackgroundPorcine sapelovirus (PSV) infections have been associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic infection to clinical signs including diarrhoea, pneumonia, reproductive disorders, and polioencephalomyelitis. Although it has a global distribution, studies on PSV in domestic have been relatively few so far which goes against for this pathogen's research and disease prevention. MethodsIn this study, we isolated a PSV strain, SHCM2019, from the swine faecal specimens with PK-15 cells. To investigate its molecular characteristics and pathogenicity, the genomic sequence of the SHCM2019 strain was analysed, and further the clinical manifestations and pathological changes exhibited following inoculation of the neonatal piglets were observed. ResultsThe strain isolated with PK-15 cells, was identi ed as PSV by RT-PCR, IFA and TEM assays. Sequencing results showed that the full-length genome of the SHCM2019 strain was 7567 nucleotides including a 27nucloetude poly (A) tail. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus isolate belonged to PSV and was classi ed into the Chinese strain cluster. Virus recombination analysis indicated that there might be a recombination break point upstream of the 3D region in PSVs. Pathogenicity research demonstrated that the virus isolate could cause diarrhoea and pneumonia in piglets. ConclusionThis study presented the isolation of a recombinant PSV strain, SHCM2019, and demonstrated the isolate was pathogenic. Our results may provide a reference for future researches of the pathogenic mechanism and evolutionary characteristics of PSV.

Virome Analysis for Identification of a Novel Porcine Sapelovirus Isolated in Western China

“…Pigs of all ages can be infected by PSV. In infected piglets, the virus has been detected among different tissues except for the liver, kidney, and heart ( 25 , 26 ). Therefore, it is associated with various kinds of disorders, including respiratory distress, reproductive failure, polioencephalomyelitis, and most importantly, diarrhea ( 5 , 27 , 28 ).…”

“…The identified PSV GS01 strain was classified as cluster I, which has been rarely detected since 2013. The pathogenicity of the cluster I strain also had not been tested except for one case ( 26 ). In this study, the single infection of PSV GS01 strain resulted in severe watery diarrhea in suckling piglets.…”

“…The characterization of PSV GS01 strain suggests that PSVs of different clusters are emerging in China, and some strains are highly pathogenic to suckling piglets. With increasingly frequent isolation of PSV since 2019, a zoonosis of PSV seems to have originated in China ( 25 , 26 , 30 , 31 ). Therefore, more attention should be paid to the emergence of PSV.…”

Genomic Divergence Characterization and Quantitative Proteomics Exploration of Type 4 Porcine Astrovirus

“…Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine rotavirus (PoRV) were the three dominant pathogens in diarrheal disease ten years ago. Nevertheless, the prevalence of several underappreciated diarrheic pathogens, such as PAstV, porcine sapello virus (PSV), and porcine kobuvirus (PKoV), are increasing now while that of TGEV and PoRV have dwindled [ 21 ]. Importantly, these underappreciated diarrheic pathogens often co-infect with PEDV in clinical samples and play synergistic pathogenic roles [ 22 ].…”

Porcine sapelovirus 2A protein induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis

“…The first strain of PSV (formerly called PEV-8) was isolated more than 50 years ago in the United Kingdom and was considered a member of the historic group of porcine 'enteroviruses'. Since then, PSV infection has been reported in many other countries, including China, South Korea, Spain, and Brazil (6).…”