Molecular characterization of an alanine-, proline-, glycine-, threonine-, and serine-rich protein of the hard tick Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and its effect as a vaccine against tick infestation in sheep

Jiang, Xiaojie; Gao, Jinliang; Wang, Wenjie; Xu, Mengjie; Li, Wei; Qi, Meirong; Yang, Caiqiong; Ji, Linli; Zhang, Di; Luo, Jianxun; Yin, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.07.008

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Early chemical analytic studies revealed that tick cement cones are composed primarily of protein, as well as lipid and carbohydrate bound to the proteins in the core and cortex, respectively (Kemp et al, 1982). The majority of tick cement proteins are glycine-rich and to date, annotations of putative tick cement proteins have been based on the content of glycine amino acid residues (Kemp et al, 1982; Bishop et al, 2002; Valenzuela et al, 2002; Untalan et al, 2005; Ribeiro et al, 2006, 2017; Mulenga et al, 2007; Maruyama et al, 2010; Oliveira et al, 2013; Jiang et al, 2014; Tirloni et al, 2014; Karim and Ribeiro, 2015; de Castro et al, 2016; Kim et al, 2016). The limitation of currently annotated putative tick cement proteins in public databases is that those were not identified from the tick cement cone, and thus it is unclear whether those are associated with tick cement formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of proteins in the Amblyomma americanum tick cement cone

Hollmann

Kim

Tirloni

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology

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The adaptation of hard ticks to feed for long periods is facilitated by the cement cone, which securely anchors the tick mouthparts onto host skin and protects the tick from being groomed off by the host. Thus, preventing tick cement deposition is an attractive target for the development of innovative tick control. We used LC-MS/MS sequencing to identify 160 Amblyomma americanum tick cement proteins that include glycine-rich proteins (GRP, 19%), protease inhibitors (12%), proteins of unknown function (11%), mucin (4%), detoxification, storage, and lipocalin at 1% each, and housekeeping proteins (50%). Spatiotemporal transcription analysis showing mRNA expression in multiple tick organs and transcript abundance increasing with feeding suggest that selected GRPs (n = 13) regulate multiple tick feeding functions, being classified as constitutively expressed (CE), feeding induced (FI), and up-regulated with feeding (UR). We show that transcription of CE GRPs is likely under the control of tick appetence associated factors in that mRNA abundance increased several thousand fold in 1 week old adult ticks, the time period that coincides with tick attainment of appetence. Given the high number of targets, we synthesized and injected unfed ticks with combinatorial (co) double stranded (ds)RNA and disrupted GRP mRNA in clusters according to similar transcription patterns: CE (n = 3), FI, (n = 4), and UR (n = 6) to streamline the work. Our data suggest that CE and FI GRPs are important for maintenance of the tick feeding site in that reddening and subsequent bleeding were observed around the mouthparts of CE and FI GRP co-dsRNA injected ticks during feeding. Furthermore, although not significantly different, indices for blood meal size and fecundity were apparently reduced in FI and UR ticks. We discuss our data with reference to A. americanum tick feeding physiology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of proteins in the Amblyomma americanum tick cement cone

Hollmann

Kim

Tirloni

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…While rmgrp was detected in all female adult tissues tested, Zhou et al (2006) showed expression of a GRP from R. hemaphysaloides (RH50) only in salivary glands after blood feeding, but not in ovaries, guts and fat bodies of unfed and fed females. On the other hand, Jiang et al (2014) detected Hq15 (an alanine-, proline-, glycine-, threonine-and serine-rich protein of H. qinghaiensis) in larvae, nymphs, adult ticks, eggs, salivary glands and carcasses, but not in midguts. Furthermore, Shahein et al (2013) analysed the GRPs from A. variegatum RaSaI1, RaSaI2 and RaSaI3, showing that all genes were expressed in 12-and 18-day-old eggs, but only RaSaI2 showed a very low expression level in 6-day-old eggs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…hemaphysaloides (RH50) only in salivary glands after blood feeding, but not in ovaries, guts and fat bodies of unfed and fed females. On the other hand, Jiang et al (2014) detected Hq15 (an alanine-, proline-, glycine-, threonine- and serine-rich protein of H . qinghaiensis ) in larvae, nymphs, adult ticks, eggs, salivary glands and carcasses, but not in midguts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a glycine-rich protein from Rhipicephalus microplus: tissue expression, gene silencing and immune recognition

et al. 2017

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Salivary molecules, as glycine-rich proteins (GRPs), are essential to tick attachment and feeding on the host and are suggested to be involved in the host's immune system evasion, therefore representing natural candidates in the search for protective vaccine antigens. This work shows the molecular characterization of a GRP from Rhipicephalus microplus (RmGRP). The cDNA and putative amino acid sequences were analysed, as well as the transcription level in tick tissues/developmental stages, showing the highest levels of gene expression in 1-day-old larvae and salivary glands of fully engorged females. RmGRP gene silencing resulted in a lower hatching rate of larvae from treated females. In addition, recombinant RmGRP (rRmGRP) was recognized by sera from naturally and experimentally infested bovines, displaying considerable differences among the individuals tested. rRmGRP was recognized by anti-saliva and anti-salivary glands sera, while anti-rRmGRP serum recognized RmGRP in saliva and salivary glands, indicating its secretion into the host. The data collected indicate that RmGRP may present roles other than in the tick-host relationship, especially in embryo development. In addition, the high expression in adult females, antigenicity and presence of shared characteristics with other tick protective GRPs turns RmGRP a potential candidate to compose an anti-tick vaccine cocktail.

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Identification of a novel protein Hq023 of the hard tick Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and preliminary evaluation of its analgesic effect in mice model

Xian,

Cao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Parasitology International

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Molecular characterization of an alanine-, proline-, glycine-, threonine-, and serine-rich protein of the hard tick Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and its effect as a vaccine against tick infestation in sheep

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Identification and characterization of proteins in the Amblyomma americanum tick cement cone

Identification and characterization of proteins in the Amblyomma americanum tick cement cone

Characterization of a glycine-rich protein from Rhipicephalus microplus: tissue expression, gene silencing and immune recognition

Identification of a novel protein Hq023 of the hard tick Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and preliminary evaluation of its analgesic effect in mice model

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