Molecular characterization of an outbreak of enterovirus-associated meningitis in Mossel Bay, South Africa, December 2015–January 2016

Smuts, Heidi; Cronje, Sarah; Thomas, Juno; Brink, Delene; Korsman, Stephen N.J.; Hardie, Diana

doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3641-4

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Type E30 showed an extraordinary peak in the proportion of genotypes, mainly in Europe, and was the most frequent EV detected in patients with neurological symptoms. This is in line with frequent reports of outbreaks of E30 related meningitis, both in Europe and in other continents [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ], and with seroepidemiological studies reporting high rates of E30 seropositivity already in young age groups [ 63 ]. E30 has been reported to be genetically diverse, containing multiple lineages that co-circulate within populations [ 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

World-Wide Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Enteroviruses

Brouwer

Moreni

Wolthers

2021

Viruses

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Enteroviruses (EVs) are highly prevalent viruses world-wide, causing a wide range of diseases in both children and adults. Insight in the global prevalence of EVs is important to define their clinical significance and total disease burden, and assists in making therapeutic decisions. While many studies have been conducted to describe epidemiology of EVs in specific (sub)populations and patient cohorts, little effort has been made to aggregate the available evidence. In the current study, we conducted a search in the PubMed and Embase (Ovid) databases to identify articles reporting EV prevalence and type distribution. We summarized the findings of 153 included studies. We found that EVs are highly prevalent viruses in all continents. Enterovirus B was the most detected species worldwide, while the other species showed continent-specific differences, with Enterovirus C more detected in Africa and Enterovirus A more detected in Asia. Echovirus 30 was by far the most detected type, especially in studies conducted in Europe. EV types in species Enterovirus B—including echovirus 30—were often detected in patient groups with neurological infections and in cerebrospinal fluid, while Enterovirus C types were often found in stool samples.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

World-Wide Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Enteroviruses

Brouwer

Moreni

Wolthers

2021

Viruses

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“…Our results revealed that EV infection has typical seasonal feature in temperate climates. This is consistent with other studies showing that most aseptic meningitis occur in summer and autumn, and less frequent in the spring and winter [11,32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Nonpolio human enteroviruses (EVs), especially the species enterovirus B (EV-B), are the most common etiology for this disease [6]. Various studies over the past several decades have shown that most EV-B types are the major causative agents for this disease, and numerous EV-Bs associated meningitis outbreaks have been reported throughout the world [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. Shandong is a coastal province in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Enterovirus Genotypes in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children Associated with Aseptic Meningitis in Liaocheng, China, from 2018 to 2019

Wang

Meng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Aseptic meningitis is the most common viral infection caused by human enteroviruses, but enteroviruses associated with aseptic meningitis in Liaocheng have not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and genetic characteristics of enteroviruses causing aseptic meningitis in children in Liaocheng. Methods: We reviewed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 504 pediatric cases with aseptic meningitis in Liaocheng from 2018 to 2019, and analyzed the phylogeny of the predominant enterovirus (EV) types causing this disease. Results: A total of 107 children were positive for EV by the nested-PCR in cerebrospinal fluid samples. Most of the positive patients were children within 13 years old, had symptoms such as fever, headache and vomiting (P<0.05). The most prevalent seasons of EV-positive cases accurred in summer and autumn. The 107 EV sequences belonged to 8 serotypes, and echovirus types 18, 6 and 11 were the three dominant serotypes in Liaocheng during the 2-year period. Phylogentic analyses demonstrated that E18 and E6 isolates belonged to subgenotype C2, while E11 isolates belonged to subgenotype D5. The VP1 analysis suggested that only one lineage of these three types were co-circulating in Liaocheng region. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the diversified enterovirus genotypes attributing to the large outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Liaocheng. Therefore, the large-scale surveillance is required to the epidemiology of enteroviruses associated with aseptic meningitis, and is important for diagnosis and treatment of aseptic meningitis in Liaocheng.

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“…In this study, we observed that 45% (135/301) of the EV-positive cases occurred from September to November (spring season), although cases also occurred in other seasons. Conversely, other studies reported that aseptic meningitis cases in the southern hemisphere countries occurred more frequently during the summer season, such as Australia [25] and South Africa [26]. The discrepancy in this seasonal distribution could be due to whether the source of specimen is from a sporadic case or from an outbreak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Identification and Phylogenetic Characterization of Human Enteroviruses Isolated from Cases of Aseptic Meningitis in Brazil, 2013–2017

Ramalho

Sousa

Burlandy

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Aseptic meningitis is a common viral infection associated with human enteroviruses. The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize the enteroviruses associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases of aseptic meningitis that occurred in different regions of Brazil between 2013 and 2017. Cerebrospinal fluids obtained from patients admitted to public health facilities were analyzed. A total of 303 patients were positive for Human Enteroviruses (EV) by cell culture isolation with a median isolation rate throughout the year of 12%. We were able to identify enterovirus serotypes in 295 clinical specimens. Nineteen different serotypes were identified; the large majority corresponded to HEV-B species. Echovirus 30 (E-30) and Echovirus 6 (E-6) were the most prevalent genotypes (66.8%). Sequence analysis suggested that circulating E-30 was closely related to E-30 from other American countries; while E-6 was derived from Europe. Most of the patients consisted of children ≤ 15 years old. The temporal distribution of all aseptic meningitis and EV-positive cases showed an obvious seasonal pattern during autumn. Our results have provided valuable information about the enteroviral etiology of the aseptic meningitis cases in Brazil pointing to the importance of enterovirus surveillance in neurological diseases.

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Molecular characterization of an outbreak of enterovirus-associated meningitis in Mossel Bay, South Africa, December 2015–January 2016

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

World-Wide Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Enteroviruses

World-Wide Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Enteroviruses

Analysis of Enterovirus Genotypes in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children Associated with Aseptic Meningitis in Liaocheng, China, from 2018 to 2019

Identification and Phylogenetic Characterization of Human Enteroviruses Isolated from Cases of Aseptic Meningitis in Brazil, 2013–2017

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