Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistance in Gram-negative isolates obtained from clinical samples at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia

Gashaw, Mulatu; Gudina, Esayas Kebede; Ali, Solomon; Gabriele, Liegl; Seeholzer, Thomas; Alemu, Bikila; Froeschl, Guenter; Kroidl, Arne; Wieser, Andreas

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1336387

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Resistance in CRPA isolates that do not produce carbapenemases could be mediated by a loss of porin D (OprD) and/or overexpression of efflux pumps (such as MexAB-OprM) (Amsalu et al, 2020; Arzanlou et al, 2017; Gashaw et al, 2024; Nieto-Saucedo et al, 2023). OprD is an outer membrane porin in P. aeruginosa that facilitates the uptake of basic amino acids and imipenem (Alcock et al, 2023).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Identification of potential high-risk clones of Carbapenem-ResistantPseudomonas aeruginosaco-producing, KPC-2, VIM-2 and OXA-74 from tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines”

Tesalona,

Abulencia,

Pineda-Cortel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Carbapenem-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA) is an opportunistic human pathogen and a global public health concern due to the limited treatment options available for infections by this pathogen. Identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants at an early phase is crucial to administer the appropriate treatment in a timely manner, thereby alleviating the transmission and enhancing the outcomes of patients infected with these pathogens. This study investigated the whole genome sequence (WGS) of 35 CRPA isolates obtained from three hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines, collected from August 2022 to January 2023. The investigation revealed that a high proportion of isolates obtained from Hospital B and C contained acquired AMR determinants. The traditional multilocus sequence type (MLST) analysis using Pasteur nomenclature in the PubMLST database revealed six different known sequence types (STs), namely ST111, ST175, ST1822, ST357, ST3753 and ST389 and the highest number of unknown STs (27 singletons). Moreover, to delineate the unknown STs identified, the Pasteur nomenclature in the Pathogenwatch database was used, which led to the identification of novel STs. Notably, a novel ST4b1c was found to co-produce the metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) NDM-7, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) CTX-M-15 and TEM-2, as well as class D OXA-395. Furthermore, potential high-risk clones represented by ST389 and novel STs (ST95c6, STf555, and STab6a) were identified, all of which co-produced carbapenemases KPC-2, VIM-2, and OXA-74. This study represents the first report in the Philippines on the co-production of ESBL KPC-2, MBL VIM-2 and Class D OXA-74 hosted by potential high-risk clones and novel STs. It underscores the need for continuous surveillance and monitoring of other problematic strains.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Identification of potential high-risk clones of Carbapenem-ResistantPseudomonas aeruginosaco-producing, KPC-2, VIM-2 and OXA-74 from tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines”

Tesalona,

Abulencia,

Pineda-Cortel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Previous studies conducted in the same study area have reported a high prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and carbapenem-resistant strains among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples [13][14][15][16][17]. The prevalence rates for ESBL producers range from 50 to 80%, while carbapenem-resistant strains range from 10 to 20% [13][14][15][16][17]. Notably, ESBL production is commonly observed in bacteria such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. variicola, E. cloacae, and many others [14,15,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The prevalence rates for ESBL producers range from 50 to 80%, while carbapenem-resistant strains range from 10 to 20% [13][14][15][16][17]. Notably, ESBL production is commonly observed in bacteria such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. variicola, E. cloacae, and many others [14,15,17]. Similarly, the emergence of carbapenem resistance is frequently detected in Gram-negative bacteria such as A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, ESBL production is commonly observed in bacteria such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. variicola, E. cloacae, and many others [14,15,17]. Similarly, the emergence of carbapenem resistance is frequently detected in Gram-negative bacteria such as A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae [16,17]. These resistant strains have been associated with healthcareassociated infections, posing a serious threat to effective antimicrobial therapy [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hospital Wastes as Potential Sources for Multi-Drug-Resistant ESBL-Producing Bacteria at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia

Gashaw,

Gudina,

Tadesse

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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The hospital environment is increasingly becoming an important reservoir for multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, posing serious challenges to efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to investigate the role of hospital waste as a potential source of MDR ESBL-producing bacteria. Samples were collected from multiple sources within a hospital and its vicinity, including surface swabs, houseflies, and sewage samples. The samples were subsequently processed in a microbiology laboratory to identify potential pathogenic bacteria and confirmed using MALDI-TOF MS. Bacteria were isolated from 87% of samples, with the predominant isolates being E. coli (30.5%), Klebsiella spp. (12.4%), Providencia spp. (12.4%), and Proteus spp. (11.9%). According to the double disc synergy test (DDST) analysis, nearly half (49.2%) of the bacteria were identified as ESBL producers. However, despite exhibiting complete resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, 11.8% of them did not test positive for ESBL production. The characterization of E. coli revealed that 30.6% and 5.6% of them carried blaCTX-M group 1 type-15 and blaNDM genes, respectively. This finding emphasizes the importance of proper hospital sanitation and waste management practices to mitigate the spread of AMR within the healthcare setting and safeguard the health of both patients and the wider community.

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“…The emerging resistance of GNB to colistin, the drug of last resort, is very alarming. There need to be proper detection methods that can help in the rapid and reliable identification and characterization of resistant bacteria isolated from clinical or environmental settings [135,136]. Here, we have tried to summarize the different phenotypic as well as molecular methods that are most commonly used to detect colistin-resistant GNB.…”

Section: Phenotypic and Molecular Detection Methods Of Colistin-resis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Colistin Resistance: An Antibiotic of Last Resort

Mondal,

Khare,

Saxena

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant global public health issue, driven by the rapid adaptation of microorganisms to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Colistin, previously regarded as a last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, is increasingly becoming resistant due to chromosomal mutations and the acquisition of resistance genes carried by plasmids, particularly the mcr genes. The mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) was first discovered in E. coli from China in 2016. Since that time, studies have reported different variants of mcr genes ranging from mcr-1 to mcr-10, mainly in Enterobacteriaceae from various parts of the world, which is a major concern for public health. The co-presence of colistin-resistant genes with other antibiotic resistance determinants further complicates treatment strategies and underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving colistin resistance and monitoring its global prevalence are essential steps in addressing the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and preserving the efficacy of existing antibiotics. This review underscores the critical role of colistin as a last-choice antibiotic, elucidates the mechanisms of colistin resistance and the dissemination of resistant genes, explores the global prevalence of mcr genes, and evaluates the current detection methods for colistin-resistant bacteria. The objective is to shed light on these key aspects with strategies for combating the growing threat of resistance to antibiotics.

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Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistance in Gram-negative isolates obtained from clinical samples at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

“Identification of potential high-risk clones of Carbapenem-ResistantPseudomonas aeruginosaco-producing, KPC-2, VIM-2 and OXA-74 from tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines”

“Identification of potential high-risk clones of Carbapenem-ResistantPseudomonas aeruginosaco-producing, KPC-2, VIM-2 and OXA-74 from tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines”

Hospital Wastes as Potential Sources for Multi-Drug-Resistant ESBL-Producing Bacteria at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia

A Review on Colistin Resistance: An Antibiotic of Last Resort

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