Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates in Algeria

Bourafa, Nadjette; Chaalal, Wafaa; Bakour, Sofiane; Lalaoui, Rym; Boutefnouchet, Nafissa; Diène, Seydina M.; Rolain, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.2147/idr.s150005

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We could also note that ST48 was previously detected in an urban wastewater treatment plant in Algeria. 45 Moreover, in our study, 20.7% of CPKP strains producing NDM-1 belonged to ST101, a widespread clone diffused in Algeria, [46][47][48] but always associated with bla OXA-48 . The association between ST101 and NDM-1 producers was recently described in Tunisia, 49 Italy, 50 and Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Spread of OXA-48 and NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST48 and ST101 in Chicken Meat in Western Algeria

Chaalal

Touati

Bakour

et al. 2021

Microbial Drug Resistance

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We investigated the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in chicken meat in Western Algeria in 2017. Results: From February to July 2017, samples of chicken meat from three poultry farms in Western Algeria were screened for the presence of CPE. Strains were characterized with regard to antibiotic resistance, blactamase content, Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, sulfonamide resistance genes, clonality (repetitive sequence-based profiles and multilocus sequence typing) and virulence traits. Of 181 samples analyzed, 29 (16.0%) carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected. Twenty-three OXA-48-producers (79.3%) and six (20.7%) New Delhi metallo (NDM)-1-producers were observed. Clonality analysis showed three distinct lineages and clonal expansions of the OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae ST48 and the NDM-1producing K. pneumoniae ST101. These isolates harbored fimH, ureA, mrkD, entB, uge, and wabG. Neither capsular serotype genes nor hypermucoviscous phenotype were detected. Plasmid analysis confirmed that all these isolates harbored the transferable IncL and IncFIIK plasmids. Conclusions: This study reports the spread of OXA-48 and NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae ST48 and ST101 in chicken meat in Western Algeria and demonstrates that food represents a reservoir of the carbapenemases encoding genes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Spread of OXA-48 and NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST48 and ST101 in Chicken Meat in Western Algeria

Chaalal

Touati

Bakour

et al. 2021

Microbial Drug Resistance

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“…Carbapenemase enzymes are the most common mechanism by which resistance to carbapenems arises [ 8 , 9 ]. Carbapenem resistance has been labelled in Enterobacteriaceae , mostly in Klebsiella pneumoniae compared to Escherichia coli or other Enterobacterial species, and in non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii [ 4 ]. These Gram-negative bacteria are the main nosocomial pathogens and the most prevalent bacteria responsible for a range of hospital-acquired and community-acquired difficult to treat infections such as meningitis, pneumonia, peritonitis, septicaemia and urinary tract infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characterisation of carbapenemase encoding genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli

2021

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Background Emerging worldwide in the past decade, there has been a significant increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria from serious nosocomial infections, especially carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli that have emerged worldwide. The objective of this study is to investigate carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli bacteria using phenotypic detection, antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotypic characterisation methods. Methods 200 Gram-negative bacilli isolates were collected from different clinical specimens. All clinical samples were exposed to isolation and identification of significant pathogens applying bacteriological examination and an automated Vitek-2 system. The isolates were subjected to susceptibility tests by the Vitek-2 automated system and those isolates that were resistant to beta-lactam drugs, including carbapenems, third-generation cephalosporines or cefoxitin, were selected for phenotyping using Carba plus disc system assay for detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates. These isolates were further confirmed by molecular detection. PCR was used for the detection carbapenem-resistant genes (OXA-48, IMP, NDM, VIM, and KPC). Results 110 (55%) of 200 Gram-negative bacilli were identified as beta-lactam-resistant isolates. The frequency of carbapenem-resistant isolates was calculated to be 30.9% (n = 34/110). A collection totalling 65/110 (59%) isolates were identified as carbapenemase producers by phenotypic method. Moreover, among the 65 carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative isolates with a positive phenotype-based result, 30 (46%), 20 (30%) and 18 (27%) isolates were positive for OXA-48, KPC and MBL enzymes, respectively, as well as the production of 27% of AmpC with porin loss. Tigecycline was the most effective antibiotic that affected 70% of MDR isolates, but high rates of resistance were detected to other tested antimicrobials. Of interest, a high incidence of MDR, XDR and PDR profiles were observed among all carbapenemase-producing isolates. 36% (24/65) of the tested isolates were MDR to 3 to 5 antimicrobial classes. 29% (17/65) of the recovered isolates were XDR to 6 to 7 antimicrobial classes. Alarmingly, 24% (16/65) of isolates displayed PDR to all the tested 8 antimicrobial classes. Genotype assay, including 53 phenotypically confirmed carbapenemase-producing isolates of Gram-negative bacilli, found 51(96%) isolates were harbouring one or more genes. The most common carbapenemase gene was bla NDM 83% (44/53) followed by bla OXA-48 75% (40/53), bla VIM 49% (26/53) and bla IMP 43% (23/53), while the gene bla KPC was least frequent 7% (4/53). 92% (46/51) of isolates were involved in the production of more than one carbapenemase gene. Conclusion This study demonstrated the emergence of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative pathogens implicated in healthcare-related infections. Accurate identification of carbapenem-resistant bacterial pathogens is essential for patient treatment, as well as the development of appropriate contamination control measures to limit the rapid spread of pathogens. Tigecycline exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against MDR, XDR and PDR-producing strains that establish a threatening alert which indicates the complex therapy of infections caused by these pathogens.

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“…The prevalence of CPPA among total isolates identified among all studies in North Africa ranged from 0% (0/9 [ 22 ], 0/80 [ 24 ]) to 84% (28/33) [ 37 ] while it ranged from 2.3% (25/1077) [ 52 ] to 21.4% (9/42) [ 51 ] in East Africa. Among carbapenemase enzymes, VIM was highly detected along with CPPA isolates in the reported African countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is not surprising, since OXA-23 has been found around the world [ 69 – 75 ]. Importantly, in Africa (particularly in North Africa), studies showed that bla OXA-23 is associated with IS Aba1 elements [ 13 , 31 , 76 ] and predominantly belongs to clone ST2 [ 22 , 23 , 31 , 76 – 78 ], which may enable rapid transmission among OXA-23-producing A. baumannii clinical isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbapenemase-Producing Non-Glucose-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli in Africa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kindu

Derseh

Gelaw

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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Background. Studies have reported that the existence of CP bacteria in Africa, but, in general, comprehensive data about the molecular epidemiology of CP organisms are limited. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis expound the pooled prevalence of CP P. aeruginosa and CP A. baumannii clinical isolates in Africa. It also identified the diversity of carbapenemases or their encoding genes among the isolates in Africa. Lastly, the review observed the trends of these CP isolates in Africa. Methods. A comprehensive search was performed between July 2019 and October 2019 in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journal online. The included articles were published only in English. The screening was done by two authors independently. The data extracted on Excel spreadsheet were transferred to STATA 11 software for analysis. Results. From a total of 1,454 articles searched, 42 articles were eligible. Most of the studies were conducted in the North Africa region. But there was no report from Central Africa. The pooled prevalence of CP P. aeruginosa and CP A. baumannii among the clinical specimens in Africa was 21.36% and 56.97%, respectively. OXA-23 and VIM were the most prevailing carbapenemase among P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, respectively. The cumulative meta-analysis revealed a relative increment of the prevalence of CP P. aeruginosa over time in Africa but it showed a higher prevalence of CP A. baumannii isolates across years. Conclusion. The review revealed a high pooled prevalence of CP A. baumannii clinical isolates in Africa which needs urgent action. Moreover, the emergence of concomitant carbapenemases, especially OXA-23 + NDM among CP A. baumannii, was also an alarming problem.

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Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates in Algeria

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Spread of OXA-48 and NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST48 and ST101 in Chicken Meat in Western Algeria

Spread of OXA-48 and NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST48 and ST101 in Chicken Meat in Western Algeria

Prevalence and characterisation of carbapenemase encoding genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli

Carbapenemase-Producing Non-Glucose-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli in Africa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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