Molecular characterization of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) genotypes using ISSR and SSR markers

Abstract

An investigation was carried out to distinguish genotypes and to assess the genetic relatedness among 30 selected chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) genotypes using ISSR and SSR markers. Ten ISSR primers were used to generate polymorphism which resulted in 175 amplicons with 100% polymorphism showing significant differences among the 30 chrysanthemum genotypes. Molecular analysis of 50 loci using 17 SSR primer pairs resulted in 80.4% mean polymorphism. Using dendrogram, three distinct groups were found based on SSR and ISSR indicating significant differences among the genotypes. The results showed that, there was a large genetic diversity exists among the chrysanthemum genotypes which helps in the selection of suitable genotypes for breeding. The results suggested that both ISSR and SSR were found to be effective for characterization studies in chrysanthemum.

Horto-Taxonomical studies on Bougainvillea: Pollen grain characters

“…Aperture 3-colpate, pollen size variations, normal grain size PA 38.8µ (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50) and ED 34.8µ (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44), P/A 111.49, mini grain size PA22.0 µ and ED 16.0µ, P/A 137.5, exine reticulate, exine thickness 3.0µ (lateral view) and 2.0 + 1.0µ (proximal view), grains with abnormal reticulation found, irregular exine ornamentation eg. Gemmate, Verrucate, etc noted, bacula head broad forming thick prominent Krumbiegal Aperture 3-(4) colpate, pollen size uniform, normal grain size PA 27.5µ (24-30) and ED 37.2µ (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45), P/A 73.92, most grains are in polar view, oblate spheroidal, exine reticulate, reticulation not fully closed, exine thickness 3.0µ, no gap between adjacent muris, bacula are o...…”

“…Aperture 3-colpate, pollen size uniform, normal grain size PA 33.4µ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) and ED 39.2µ (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44), P/A 85.20, pollen shape suboblate, exine reticulate, angular, exine thickness 4.0-5.0µ, regular reticulation, 2 sets of bacula, number of luminiar bacula many, top of muri almost smooth.…”

“…Aperture 3-colpate, pollen size uniform, normal grain size PA 38.4µ (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48) and ED 31.2µ (28-40), P/A 123.07, pollen shape polar view ± round, 3.5 + 1.5µ, pollen shape subprolate in equatorial view, exine normal reticulation, not angular, exine thickness 4.0-5.0µ lateral view, 2 sets of bacula (resembles Alick Lancaster), bacula heads are free, smaller sets within the lumina, mini grains rarely noticed, top of muri not smooth.…”

“…Aperture 3-colpate, pollen size variations, mini grain size PA 15µ and ED 16µ, P/A 93.75, big grain size PA 49-58µ and ED 54-68µ, P/A 88.70, normal grain size PA 30.9µ (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) and ED 37.4µ (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44), P/A 82.62, pollen shape suboblate, exine reticulate, exine thickness 4.0µ, 2-sets of bacula, most of the grains in regular range, abnormal grains present, top of muri not smooth, normal grains similar to Louis Wathen.…”

“…Magenta Queen (syn. Mrs Butt Magenta, Purple green): Aperture 3-colpate, pollen size uniform, normal grain size PA 37.7µ (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44) and ED 31.7µ (28-38), P/A 118.92, pollen shape subprolate, exine reticulate, angular, exine thickness 4.0µ, few bigger grains found, 2-sets of bacula, top of muri smooth, resembling Enid Lancaster.…”