Molecular characterization of Clostridium difficile isolated from carriage and association of its pathogenicity to prevalent toxic genes

Abuderman, Abdulwahab; Mateen, Ayesha; Syed, Rabbani; aloahd, Mustafa sawsan

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.013

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…21 , 27 A higher prevalence was highlighted by Abuderman et al and Vaishnavi et al, who reported a prevalence of 20.79% and 15.7%, respectively. 19 , 28 In comparison, a lower prevalence of 1.2% was observed by Kumar et al in their study. 23…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Healthcare-associated Diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India

Sen,

Das,

Singh

et al. 2024

Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology

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A bstract Background Healthcare-associated diarrhea (HCAD) is diarrhea that develops at least after 3 days of hospitalization, with the most common infectious cause being Clostridioides difficile. Over the last decade, there has been a remarkable growth in the frequency and severity of C. difficile infection (CDI), making it one of the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and risk factors associated with CDI. Materials and methods A total of 107 patients with clinical suspicion of having HCAD were included in this study. Enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) technique-based glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin A/B assay were used as per the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) for diagnosing CDI. The details about associated comorbidities were retrieved from the hospital information system records. The presence of risk factors was noted. Risk factors associated with CDI were looked for. Results Out of the 107 stool samples received in the microbiology laboratory from patients with suspected HCAD eight (7.6%) samples were positive for CDI. The most frequent comorbidity observed in these patients was renal illness (acute or chronic kidney disease). In this study, a total of 7/8 cases were on multiple antibiotics most common being carbapenem. Conclusion The 6-year prevalence of CDI observed in this study was found to be 7.6% risk factors, associated with CDI were kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, and exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. How to cite this article Raj N, Agarwal J, Singh V, et al . Healthcare-associated Diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(1):60–64.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Healthcare-associated Diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India

Sen,

Das,

Singh

et al. 2024

Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology

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“…This is the first detailed and largest C. difficile molecular epidemiology study to be conducted in Central India. We report a relatively low prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile cases compared with other generally smaller studies in India, where the prevalence was found to range widely from 1.2% [23] to 29% [24]. Comparatively, the C. difficile prevalence rates observed in Central India are also lower than those reported in a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the prevalence of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea in developing countries, which was 15% (95% CI 13-17%), including community and hospitalized patients within four regions: the Africa-Middle East region, developing Asia, Latin America, and China [25].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

The Molecular Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Central India: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Biswas,

Pinkham,

Walk

et al. 2023

Microbiology Research

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This prospective observational cohort study aimed to establish and compare baseline rates of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in community and hospitalized patients in Nagpur and rural Melghat Maharashtra, including adults aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of diarrhoea as defined as 3 or more loose stools in a 24 h period. All diarrhoeal samples were tested for CDI using the C. diff Quik Chek Complete enzyme immunoassay. C. difficile-positive stool samples were characterised by toxigenic culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCR ribotyping. C. difficile testing was performed on 1683 patients with acute diarrhoea. A total of 54 patients (3.21%; 95% CI: 2.42–4.17) tested positive for both the GDH antigen and free toxin. The risk factors for CDI included the presence of co-morbidities, antibiotic usage, and immunosuppression. The detected PCR ribotypes included 053-16, 017, 313, 001, 107, and 216. Our findings show that toxigenic C. difficile is an important but neglected aetiologic agent of infective diarrhoea in Central India. These results underscore the need to enhance the awareness and testing of patients with diarrhoea in India regarding the presence of toxigenic C. difficile, particularly in high-risk individuals with multiple co-morbidities, immunosuppression, and recent or ongoing antibiotic exposure or hospitalization.

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“…The prevalence of CDI in India is reported to be between 1.2 and 29% according to recent studies. 1 , 2 Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea is an increasing problem, especially in immunocompromised patients. Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at an increased risk for CDAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium difficile-associated Diarrhea in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Single-center Experience from a Tertiary Center in India

Prayag,

Melinkeri,

Patwardhan

et al. 2024

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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A bstract Objectives Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging option for recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea (CDAD). We describe a single-center experience of FMT in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with CDAD in India. Methods A prospective observational study of HSCT recipients with CDAD who received FMT in our center. Results A total of 13 patients were included. All the patients were allogenic HSCT recipients; FMT was performed in seven patients due to refractory CDAD, in five patients due to the presence of both CDAD and graft vs host disease (GVHD), and in 1 patient due to recurrent CDAD. The approach to FMT was colonoscopic in 10 (77%) patients. Only one patient reported bacteremia and one patient had candidemia, both of which were unrelated to FMT. Of the 10 patients who had complete resolution of CDAD, only one patient presented with a recurrence of CDAD within 8 weeks post-FMT. Conclusion This is the first study from India using FMT as a therapeutic modality for CDAD in the setting of HSCT. Here we demonstrate that FMT in India is an effective option, especially when patients have refractory CDAD, recurrent CDAD, or both GVHD and CDAD. Further studies should explore the efficacy and feasibility of FMT in India. How to cite this article Prayag PS, Patwardhan SA, Ajapuje PS, Melinkeri S, Gadhikar H, Palnitkar S, et al . Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium difficile -associated Diarrhea in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Single-center Experience from a Tertiary Center in India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(2):106–110.

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Molecular characterization of Clostridium difficile isolated from carriage and association of its pathogenicity to prevalent toxic genes

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Healthcare-associated Diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India

Healthcare-associated Diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India

The Molecular Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Central India: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium difficile-associated Diarrhea in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Single-center Experience from a Tertiary Center in India

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