Molecular Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Toxino-types and Type ‘D’ Multidrug Resistance Profile in Diarrheic Sheep

Hussain, Kashif

doi:10.29261/pakvetj/2018.037

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Within the past few years, the prevalence of MRSA has reached a disturbing level, not only in developed countries but also in Pakistan [7,17]. Rapid emergence of resistance in bacteria is associated with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in clinical and veterinary set-ups [18,19]. The present study reported the isolation of MRSA (76) and VRSA/VISA (44) phenotypes from 100 clinical samples which is consistent with previous studies from other South Asian countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Incidence of Vancomycin Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

et al. 2019

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-associated infections are one of the major threats to public health. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern as well as the genetic characterization of methicillin and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. The S. aureus isolates were isolated from different clinical samples, identified by biochemical testing, and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing via the disc diffusion method or broth microdilution method. The methicillin resistance gene (mecA) and vancomycin resistance gene (vanA) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The S. aureus isolates showed high incidences of resistance against methicillin (76%) and moderate incidences of resistance to vancomycin (14%). Isolates were also resistant to several other drugs, such as cefoxitin (76%), ertapenem (83%), ampicillin (81%), tobramycin (78%), moxifloxacin (76%), and tetracycline (74%). An encouraging finding was that 98% of isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, indicating its possible role in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and VRSA, as well as the multi-drug resistant S. aureus. The mecA gene was detected in 33.3% of tested isolates (10/30), while the vanA gene was also detected in 30% (9/30) of the tested isolates. In conclusion, the frequent presence of methicillin and vancomycin resistance in S. aureus appraises the cautious use of these antibiotics in clinical practices. Furthermore, it is suggested that there should be continuous monitoring of tigecycline treatments in clinical setups in order to delay the development of resistance against it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Incidence of Vancomycin Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

et al. 2019

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“…Bacterial proliferation can be inhibited by oral and/or parenteral antibiotic therapy. Re-cently, an extensive in vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing and in vivo antibiotic trials against C. perfringens in diarrhoeic sheep and goats revealed ciprofloxacin, penicillin and ceftriaxone as most effective antibiotics [196]. In face of bacterial proliferation, the second important step is to flush away released toxins from intestinal tract so as to inhibit its absorption.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges of Diagnosis and Control of Enterotoxaemia Caused by <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in Small Ruminants

Pawaiya¹,

Kumaresan²,

Gangwar³

et al. 2020

AiM

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“…There is debate on whether the cpβ2 gene expresses its protein and/or plays a significant role in causing enteric disease or not. Epidemiological studies correlating the cpβ2 toxin gene with the enteric disease found its strong association in pigs and weak association in horses (27,54,55). The C. perfringens types possessing the cpβ2 gene have been reported in poultry, fish, sheep, goats, cattle, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, wildlife species, and humans (37,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium perfringens Types A and D Involved in Peracute Deaths in Goats Kept in Cholistan Ecosystem During Winter Season

et al. 2022

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Enterotoxemia is a severe and peracute disease caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) rendering high mortality leading to huge economic losses, especially in small ruminants. The bacterium induces peracute death in animals based on the rapid production of different lethal toxins. Mortality occurred three private herds of two breeds, i.e., Makhi Cheeni and Beetal, and one non-descriptive (Teddy) herds reared in the desert area of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. At necropsy, tissue samples for histopathology and intestinal contents for bacterial isolation and culture were collected. Following the standard procedure, tissue slides were prepared. Multiplex PCR was used to identify toxinotypes using specific primers. Morbidity, mortality, and case fatality in Makhi Cheeni, Beetal, and Teddy goats caused by enterotoxemia were 87.58, 75.81, and 76.11%, respectively. Based on toxinotypes in the present outbreaks, C. perfringens type A (cpα = 20.7%; cpα + cpβ2 = 11.2%) and C. perfringens type D (cpα + cpβ2 + etx = 47.7%; cpα + etx = 20.7%) were detected. Deaths due to C. perfringens type D (68.10%) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared with deaths by C. perfringens type A (34.90%). Petechiation of serosal surfaces, hemorrhage of intestines, lungs, and liver were seen. Kidneys were soft, and under the microscope, tubules were studded with erythrocytes. There was stunting and fusion in the intestinal villi. From this study, we concluded that endotoxemia can occur in any season; thus, a proper vaccination schedule must be followed for the protection of small ruminants' health.

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Molecular Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Toxino-types and Type ‘D’ Multidrug Resistance Profile in Diarrheic Sheep

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Incidence of Vancomycin Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

Incidence of Vancomycin Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

The Challenges of Diagnosis and Control of Enterotoxaemia Caused by <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in Small Ruminants

Clostridium perfringens Types A and D Involved in Peracute Deaths in Goats Kept in Cholistan Ecosystem During Winter Season

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Molecular Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Toxino-types and Type ‘D’ Multidrug Resistance Profile in Diarrheic Sheep

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Incidence of Vancomycin Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

Incidence of Vancomycin Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

The Challenges of Diagnosis and Control of Enterotoxaemia Caused by &lt;i&gt;Clostridium perfringens&lt;/i&gt; in Small Ruminants

Clostridium perfringens Types A and D Involved in Peracute Deaths in Goats Kept in Cholistan Ecosystem During Winter Season

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The Challenges of Diagnosis and Control of Enterotoxaemia Caused by <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in Small Ruminants