Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. obtained from fecal samples of immunosuppressed patients from Brazil

Cunha, Flavia de Souza; Jann, Higor Wilson; Lugon, Jocemir Ronaldo; Peralta, José Mauro; Peralta, Regina Helena Saramago

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0555-2021

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…It is important to point out that the publications may have failed to report the IbA10G2 subtype because they were not related to cryptosporidiosis outbreak studies. Although there are few studies from South America, the IbA10G2 subtype was the most frequently reported 29 . The C. hominis subtype family with the highest number of descriptions was subtype Ia, followed by Ib and Ie.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the Americas: systematic review and meta-analysis

Jann

Cabral‐Castro

Costa

et al. 2022

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by the Cryptosporidium spp parasite. As some species of Cryptosporidium have a wide host spectrum, the characterization of the pathogen at the species or genotype level is of great importance to define the sources of infection for humans and the potential for public health. This study investigated the diversity of the genus Cryptosporidium spp. in humans from all over the American continent and observed whether the method used to search for the parasite influenced the prevalence found in the Americas. This systematic review was carried out using the Pubmed, Science direct, Lilacs, Scielo, and Scopus databases with publications from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. For data synthesis, the PRISMA flowchart was used and for the meta-analysis we used the MetaXL program. Of the selected publications, 57, 9 and 16 belonged to the region of South, Central and North America, respectively. The prevalence found for South, Central, and North America was 7%, 7%, and 8%, respectively, when analyzing publications that used only the microscopy method. When we analyzed the publications that used immunological and molecular methods, we found prevalences of 10%, 9%, and 21% for South, Central, and North America, respectively. The C. hominis subtype IbA10G2 was the most reported in the American continent, followed by subtype IeA11G3T3 and, for C. parvum, subtype IIaA15G2RI was the most reported. In conclusion, Cryptosporidium spp. is present throughout the American continent and its prevalence is higher when immunological and/or molecular methods are used, in addition to direct microscopic examination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the Americas: systematic review and meta-analysis

Jann

Cabral‐Castro

Costa

et al. 2022

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Presence of Cryptosporidium spp and other enteroparasites with pathogenic potential in hemodialysis patients: an open controlled study

Adami,

Gama,

Cunha

et al. 2025

Braz. J. Nephrol.

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Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that infection by enteroparasites can affect ~3.5 billion people around the world. Hemodialysis (HD) patients may be more susceptible to infections by opportunistic pathogens due to impaired immune function. We evaluated enteroparasite infection in a sample of HD-patients from two dialysis centers and in a control group. Methods: Fecal samples were processed using the Hoffmann-Pons-Janner, Ritchie, Willis, and Rugai techniques. Patients with kidney failure from two dialysis centers undergoing HD for more than 3 months were included. The control group consisted of relatives of the patients without overt CKD. The TaqMan PCR and multiplex real-time PCR were carried out for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and C. parvum and to differentiate the Entamoeba (E.) histolytica/E. dispar complex, respectively Results: A total of 97 HD patients and 42 controls were enrolled in the study. Fifty (51.5%) fecal samples from the HD group were positive for enteroparasites, as were 26 (61.9%) from the control group (P = 0.260). S. stercoralis was the single helminth detected and was only present in HD-patients. Coproscopy detected seven positive samples for the E. histolytica/E. dispar complex, three from HD patients and four from controls: by PCR, all samples were positive for the non-pathogenic E. dispar. Safranin-stained fecal smear slides were all negative for Cryptosporidium spp. However, by PCR, amplification for Crypstosporidium spp. was seen in six samples, all from the HD patients. Two of the species were classified as C. hominis by PCR-RFLP Conclusions: Enteroparasite infection as detected by traditional techniques were not more prevalent in HD patients, but S. stercoralis was only found in these patients. It is noteworthy that Cryptosporidium spp. infection, also affecting only HD patients, could only be detected by molecular biology techniques.

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Presença de Cryptosporidium spp e outros enteroparasitos com potencial patogênico em pacientes em hemodiálise: um estudo aberto e controlado

Adami,

Gama,

Cunha

et al. 2025

Braz. J. Nephrol.

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Resumo Introdução: A OMS aponta que infecções por enteroparasitos podem afetar ~3,5 bilhões de pessoas globalmente. Pacientes em hemodiálise (HD) podem ser mais suscetíveis a infecções por patógenos oportunistas devido à função imunológica prejudicada. Avaliamos a infecção por enteroparasitos em pacientes em HD de dois centros de diálise e um grupo controle Métodos: Amostras fecais foram processadas pelas técnicas de Hoffmann, Pons&Janner, Ritchie, Willis e Rugai. Incluímos pacientes com insuficiência renal, de dois centros de diálise, em HD por mais de três meses. O grupo controle consistiu em familiares dos pacientes sem DRC evidente. PCR TaqMan e PCR Multiplex em tempo real foram realizadas para detecção de Cryptosporidium spp. e C. parvum e para diferenciar o complexo Entamoeba (E.) histolytica/E. dispar, respectivamente Resultados: 97 pacientes em HD e 42 controles foram incluídos no estudo. Cinquenta (51,5%) amostras fecais do grupo HD foram positivas para enteroparasitos, assim como 26 (61,9%) do grupo controle (P = 0,260). S. stercoralis foi o único helminto detectado, presente apenas nos pacientes em HD. A coproscopia detectou sete amostras positivas para o complexo E. histolytica/E. dispar, três de pacientes em HD e quatro controles: através da PCR, todas as amostras foram positivas para E. dispar não patogênica. As lâminas de esfregaço fecal coradas com safranina foram todas negativas para Cryptosporidium spp. Entretanto, através da PCR, observou-se amplificação para Crypstosporidium spp. em seis amostras, todas de pacientes em HD. Duas das espécies foram classificadas como C. hominis por PCR-RFLP Conclusões: A infecção por enteroparasitos, detectada por técnicas tradicionais, não foi mais prevalente em pacientes em HD, mas o S. stercoralis foi encontrado exclusivamente entre eles. Vale ressaltar que a infecção por Cryptosporidium spp., que também afetou somente pacientes em HD, pôde ser detectada somente por técnicas de biologia molecular.

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Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. obtained from fecal samples of immunosuppressed patients from Brazil

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the Americas: systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the Americas: systematic review and meta-analysis

Presence of Cryptosporidium spp and other enteroparasites with pathogenic potential in hemodialysis patients: an open controlled study

Presença de Cryptosporidium spp e outros enteroparasitos com potencial patogênico em pacientes em hemodiálise: um estudo aberto e controlado

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