Molecular characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah province, western Saudi Arabia

El-Beshbishy, Hesham A.; Al-Ali, Khalil; El-Badry, Ayman A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.11.015

Cited by 53 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Saudi Arabia is another important focus of CL (89), with most cases occurring in southwest, central, and eastern parts of the country. L. tropica is mainly endemic in Aseer province in the southwest (90) while L. major is reported from Hail, Al-Hasa, Eastern, and the Riyadh provinces (91,92).…”

Section: Saudi Arabiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

104

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Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are both the main cause of anthroponotic (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), respectively, in the Old World. Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani, which are important causes of visceral leishmaniasis, have also occasionally been reported in CL patients. The present study investigates the current distribution of causative species of CL in Iran and neighboring countries in the Middle East. There has been expansion of L. tropica into new urban and rural foci in Iran, with well-documented cases of visceralization, a substantial increase of CL in Syria, and the emergence of new foci and outbreaks in Turkey and Iraq, especially due to L. major. Civil war in Syria and Iraq, population movement, poverty, and climatic change play important roles in the changing CL distribution in this region. Control programs should adopt a multidisciplinary approach based on active surveillance and case finding, especially in vulnerable refugee populations, determination of hazard maps for CL hot points using GIS and other advanced technology, the free distribution of drugs, rodent control, and greater community engagement in poor and marginalized populations. Comprehensive molecular studies that could show the species and strains of Leishmania in different areas of each country can give a better view from the distribution of CL in this region.

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Section: Saudi Arabiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

104

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“…Articles were excluded at this stage due to (i) articles not available, (ii) not in the field of interest, (iii) use of an inappropriate reference standard, and (iv) inability to complete a 2-by-2 contingency table. A total of 13 articles were included in the systematic review [5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] while data of 12 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Data of 1 article were not considered in the meta-analysis because they did not fit the respective subgroups for molecular method and/or sample type.…”

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test accuracy of polymerase chain reaction methods against conventional diagnostic techniques for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in patients with clinical or epidemiological suspicion of CL: Systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background Molecular diagnostic tests, notably polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are highly sensitive test for Leishmania detection, which is especially relevant in chronic cutaneous lesion with lower parasite load. An accurate diagnosis is essential because of the high toxicity of the medications for the disease. Nevertheless, diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is hampered by the absence of a reference standard. Assuming that the PCR-based molecular tools are the most accurate diagnostic method, the objective of this systematic review was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of PCR-based molecular tools in a meta-analysis of the published literature. Methodology/Principal findings A search of the published literature found 142 papers of which only 13 studies met the selection criteria, including conventional PCR, real-time PCR, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), polymorphism-specific PCR (PS-PCR). The sensitivities of the individual studies ranged from 61% to 100%, and specificities ranged from 11% to 100%. The pooled sensitivities of PCR in smears were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90 to 0.98), and the specificity was 0.91(95% CI, 0.70 to 0.98). In general population, estimates were lower in aspirates, skin biopsies and swab samples with 0.90 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.95) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.94) for sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The specificity was lower in consecutive studies, at 0.88 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.98) and its CI were wider.

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“…kDNA-PCR sensitivities was described between 75% -98% for detection of Leishmania species in many studies (22)(23)(24)(25). Even kDNA was detected in the urine of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (26) and with visceral leishmaniasis (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Leishmania Species for Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gonabad, Bardaskan and Kashmar, Central Khorasan, 2015

Rezai

Moghaddas

Bagherpor

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: About 90% of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases are reported from 7 countries including Iran. In this study, the cutaneous leishmaniasis species causing CL in Gonabad, Bardaskan, Kashmar cities in central Khorasan (Iran) were identified by kDNA-PCR. Methods:During the study, 93 suspected patients with CL, who were referred to the dermatology research center in these cities, were evaluated based on age, clinical forms, and place of residence. Direct microscopy was employed for parasitological diagnosis and PCR from skin ulcers performed using specific kDNA primers. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software.Results: Among 93 individuals with skin ulcers suspected to CL, the results of 81 direct smears were positive. PCR bands were observed in 84 examined samples, of which 68 (81%) samples were identified for Leishmania tropica and 16 (19%) samples for L. major. 12 patients were from Bardaskan with 10 cases of L. tropica, 23 patients from Gonabad with 20 cases of L. tropica, and 49 patients from Kashmar with 38 cases of L. tropica. Most of the lesions were located on hands (37%), the most clinical feature was papule (75%), and most of patients were 21 -30 years old. Conclusions:Previous epidemiologic studies have indicated that anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is the only dominant CL in the center and south of Khorasan. However, this study introduced new foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in these areas. Kashmar city was introduced as a new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Molecular characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah province, western Saudi Arabia

Abstract: This study provides the first findings for the comprehensive molecular characterization of CL in Saudi Arabia.

Cited by 53 publications

References 28 publications

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Test accuracy of polymerase chain reaction methods against conventional diagnostic techniques for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in patients with clinical or epidemiological suspicion of CL: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Identification of Leishmania Species for Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gonabad, Bardaskan and Kashmar, Central Khorasan, 2015

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