Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Harboring Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Encoding Bacteriophages in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Myanmar

Aung, Meiji Soe; San, Thida; Urushibara, Noriko; San, Nilar; Oo, Win Mar; Soe, Pan Ei; Kyaw, Yamin; Ko, Phyo May; Thu, Pyae Phyo; Hlaing, Myat Su; Kawaguchiya, Mitsuyo; Kobayashi, Nobumichi

doi:10.1089/mdr.2019.0208

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…ST1094 have been previously reported in wild rodents in Boston, associated with low resistance rates, but all strains were typed as t933 [60]. ST1094 has also been found in Asia in human samples in Myanmar (associated with t516) and in ready-to-eat food in China [61,62]. Five out of seven MSSA ST130 isolates were typed as t843 and two isolates were typed as t3256.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Wild Rodents: First Report of mecC-Positive Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Portugal

Silva

Gabriel

Borrego³

et al. 2021

Animals

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The frequent carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), by wild animals along with its zoonotic potential poses a public health problem. Furthermore, the repeated detection of the mecA gene homologue, mecC, in wildlife raises the question whether these animals may be a reservoir for mecC-MRSA. Thus, we aimed to isolate S. aureus and MRSA from wild rodents living in port areas and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages. Mouth and rectal swab samples were recovered from 204 wild rodents. The samples were incubated in BHI broth with 6.5% of NaCl and after 24 h at 37 °C the inoculum was seeded onto Baird-Parker agar, Mannitol Salt agar and ORSAB (supplemented with 2 mg/L of oxacillin) plates. Species identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method against 14 antibiotics. The presence of virulence and resistance genes was performed by PCR. The immune evasion cluster (IEC) system was investigated in all S. aureus. All isolates were characterized by MLST, spa- and agr typing. From 204 samples, 38 S. aureus were isolated of which six MRSA were detected. Among the six MRSA isolates, three harbored the mecC gene and the other three, the mecA gene. All mecC-MRSA isolates were ascribed to sequence type (ST) 1945 (which belongs to CC130) and spa-type t1535 whereas the mecA isolates belonged to ST22 and ST36 and spa-types t747 and t018. Twenty-five S. aureus were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to 11 MLST and 12 spa-types. S. aureus presents a great diversity of genetic lineages in wild rodents. This is the first report of mecC-MRSA in Portugal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Wild Rodents: First Report of mecC-Positive Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Portugal

Silva

Gabriel

Borrego³

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Sequence type (ST) was determined according to the scheme of multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) [ 71 ] and sequence of protein A gene X-region ( spa type) was determined using a PCR and direct sequencing [ 72 ], using Ridom SpaServer ( , accessed on 30 April 2021) for some selected S.aureus isolates. PVL-encoding phages (Φ108, ΦPVL, ΦSa2958, ΦSa2MW, ΦSLT, ΦTCH60, ΦSa2usa and ΦSa119) for the PVL-positive isolates were determined using a multiplex or uniplex PCR as described previously [ 73 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant and Susceptible Staphylococcal Isolates from Oral Cavity of Dental Patients and Staff in Northern Japan

et al. 2021

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The acquisition of drug resistance and virulence by staphylococcal species colonizing humans is a growing public health concern. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus isolates from the oral cavity and skin (hand) of systemically healthy subjects with dental disease and dental staff in northern Japan. Among a total of 133 subjects (91 patients and 42 staff), 87 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (83 S. aureus/4 S. argenteus) and 162 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates were recovered from 59 (44.4%) and 95 (71.4%) subjects, respectively. Three oral isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (3.6%, 3/83) that were genotyped as ST8-SCCmec-IVl, ST4775(CC1)-SCCmec-IVa and ST6562(CC8)-SCCmec-IVa. Remarkably, the ST6562 isolate harbored PVL genes on ΦSa2usa and type I ACME (arginine catabolic mobile element). Four methicillin-susceptible isolates were identified as S. argenteus belonging to ST1223 and ST2250, which harbored enterotoxin genes egc-2 and sey, respectively. Among the fourteen CoNS species identified, methicillin-resistant (MR) isolates were detected in five species (11 isolates, 13.3% of CoNS), with S. saprophyticus and S. haemolyticus being the most common. ACME was prevalent in only S. epidermidis and S. capitis. These findings indicated the potential distribution of USA300 clone-like MRSA, toxigenic S. argenteus and MR-CoNS in the oral cavity of dental patients.

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“…This reduction may be likely due to raised AMR awareness among healthcare providers, improved testing capacity of laboratories and diagnostic stewardship activities. The lower percentage in MRSA was found in two studies performed in Myanmar in which the MRSA prevalence was 8% and 13.8%, respectively [ 10 , 13 ]. The reason is due to the differences in detection methodology which use mecA gene PCR for MRSA detection and the focus on only one hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To date, there is minimal information on the prevalence of MRSA, morbidity, and mortality in Myanmar from a few publications on microbiological and animal studies [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. A recently published study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Myanmar revealed that the molecular detection of MRSA accounted for 13.8% [ 13 ]. A retrospective study from one hospital examining blood culture results showed a decline in MRSA among SA isolates (38.7% to 18.8%) over eight years [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019)

Soe

Han

Sagili³

et al. 2021

TropicalMed

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Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health problem. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a common bacterium associated with a variety of community and hospital infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounts for most SA related morbidity and mortality. In this study, we determined the prevalence and factors associated with SA and MRSA in Myanmar. Methods: We collected the data retrospectively by reviewing an electronic register containing the results of bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing of biological specimens received from healthcare facilities during 2018–2019. Results: Of the 37,798 biological specimens with bacterial culture growth, 22% (8244) were Gram-positive. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, 42% (2801) were SA, of which 48% (1331) were judged as MRSA by phenotypic methods. The prevalence of MRSA was higher in the older age groups, in female patients, in urine specimens and specimens received from the intensive care unit and dermatology departments. One site (Site F) had the highest MRSA prevalence of the seven AMR sentinel sites. Most SA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin (90%) by phenotypic methods. Conclusions: The high prevalence of MRSA indicates a major public health threat. There is an urgent need to strengthen the AMR surveillance and hospital infection control program in Myanmar.

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Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible and -ResistantStaphylococcus aureusHarboring Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Encoding Bacteriophages in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Myanmar

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Wild Rodents: First Report of mecC-Positive Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Portugal

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Wild Rodents: First Report of mecC-Positive Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Portugal

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant and Susceptible Staphylococcal Isolates from Oral Cavity of Dental Patients and Staff in Northern Japan

High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018–2019)

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