Molecular characterization of phytoplasma strains associated with brinjal little leaf and screening of cultivated and wild relatives of eggplant cultivars for disease resistance

Venkataravanappa, V.; Kodandaram, M. H.; Manjunath, M.; Chauhan, Neha; Nagendran, K.; Tiwari, Sweta; Sarkar, B.; Rao, G. P.

doi:10.1007/s10658-021-02414-5

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In Assam the brinjal little leaf phytoplasma belong to 16SrVI group and this phytoplasma was also detected in the leafhopper Hishimonus phycitis suggesting its role as a vector of this phytoplasma in eggplants [37]. Severe incidence of brinjal little leaf (8 to 30%) was recorded in three districts of Uttar Pradesh during 2015 and 2016 [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brinjal Little Leaf Disease Epidemiology in Insect Proof Conditions

Darabakula,

Mateeti,

Pacini

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Eggplant or brinjal is one of the most consumed and important nutrient-dense tropical solanaceous vegetable crops grown worldwide. Little leaf is a disease especially widespread in brinjal in India where it is associated with the presence of phytoplasmas. To clarify the epidemiology of this disease and verify its seed transmission potential, seedlings and their progeny derived from symptomatic mother plants field-collected in Dharwad district of Karnataka State, India, were sowed under insect proof conditions in greenhouse. The resulting first- and second-generation seedlings obtained were tested at different times after germination by DNA extraction and amplification of 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasmas. Tissues from field collected symptomatic brinjal plants were also tested following the same procedure. The amplicons obtained were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequencing for phytoplasma identification. The detected phytoplasmas belonged to 16SrI, 16SrII, 16SrIII, 16SrV, 16SrVI, and 16SrXII groups. Several fruits produced from the first-generation seedlings showed germination of the seeds inside the fruit and resulted to be phytoplasma positive. This demonstrates the seed transmission of phytoplasmas in eggplants for two subsequent generations. This finding highlights the risk of additional source of infection represented by asymptomatic and infected seedlings under field conditions and contribute to explain the epidemic spread of phytoplasmas in brinjal cultivations in India and in the other eggplant growing areas of the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brinjal Little Leaf Disease Epidemiology in Insect Proof Conditions

Darabakula,

Mateeti,

Pacini

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The most recent reports of brinjal little leaf outbreaks in India, with an incidence between 8 and 30%, were reported in three districts of Uttar Pradesh during 2015 and 2016 [37]; however, the yield losses for the disease in this crop very often reach 100% in India [10]. In Telangana; Tamil Nadu and Tirupati; Andhra Pradesh; New Delhi; Uttar Pradesh; Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh; Kerala; Mysore; and Dharwad, South Gujarat, the phytoplasmas associated with brinjal little leaf were identified as belonging to the 16SrVI group, mainly the 16SrVI-D subgroup [38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eggplant Little Leaf-Associated Phytoplasma Detection in Seedlings under Insect-Proof Conditions

Darabakula,

Mateeti,

Pacini

et al. 2024

IJPB

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Eggplant, or brinjal, is one of the most consumed and important tropical solanaceous vegetable crops grown worldwide. Little leaf is a disease associated with the presence of phytoplasmas especially widespread in brinjal in India. To clarify the epidemiology of this disease, a verification of its transmission through seeds to seedlings and their progeny derived from symptomatic mother plants was performed. Brinjal seeds field-collected in the Dharwad district of Karnataka State, India, were sowed in a greenhouse under insect-proof conditions. DNA was extracted from seedlings and their progeny and from symptomatic plant samples collected in the field. The first- and second-generation seedlings obtained *under these conditions were tested at various time points after germination by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasmas. The amplicons obtained were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequencing for the identification of detected phytoplasmas. Ribosomal groups 16SrI, 16SrII, 16SrIII, 16SrV, 16SrVI, and 16SrXII were identified. Moreover, a number of fruits produced from the first-generation seedlings showed precocious seed germination, and the young seedlings resulted as phytoplasma-positive. The seed transmission of phytoplasmas in eggplants for two subsequent generations highlights the risk of additional sources of infection of the disease represented by asymptomatic and infected seedlings in the presence of insect vectors. The seed transmission could explain the continuous presence of epidemic outbreaks of phytoplasmas in brinjal cultivations in several cultivation areas.

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“…In addition, the study identified various biochemical parameters like respiration rate, carbohydrate content, activities of catalase, peroxidase, nitrate reductase and metabolic changes in sugar content, soluble protein content and total free amino acid concentration that occur in plants in order to detect the disease at early stage of infection. Recently, large-scale screening of brinjal genotypes including wild species was carried out for phytoplasma resistance where the Uttara variety and its derived line selection-10 and 17 different wild species showed resistance (Venkataravanappa et al, 2022). Nevertheless, mapping and characterization of phytoplasma resistance genes in wild species of brinjal is a difficult task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and in-silico characterization of RPN10 gene as a candidate for genome editing to develop little leaf disease resistance in brinjal

Karkute,

Singh,

Divekar

et al. 2023

isvs

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Brinjal is an economically important nutrition-rich fruit vegetable. Among the various biotic stresses, the little leaf of brinjal caused by phytoplasma is a severe threat to its production. The disease occurrence has tremendously increased in the recent past causing almost 100% yield losses in severe conditions. Due to the non-availability of a strong resistance source in brinjal genotypes, its management is a challenging task. In the present study, 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 homolog or RPN10 gene which is the target of SAP05 effector of phytoplasma is identified in phytoplasma resistant Kashi Uttam variety of brinjal. The RPN10 gene in brinjal was amplified and sequenced. Evolutionary analysis showed that the RPN10 gene is highly conserved in plant species which are natural hosts for phytoplasma. A comparison of motifs and domains in RPN10 protein of Arabidopsis and brinjal revealed 100% similarity. 3-dimensional protein structures were generated using I-TASSER server and structural comparison also showed perfect similarity between RPN10 protein in brinjal and Arabidopsis. The results in the study propose RPN10 protein in brinjal as the potential candidate gene target for genome editing to develop resistance against little leaf disease in brinjal.

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Molecular characterization of phytoplasma strains associated with brinjal little leaf and screening of cultivated and wild relatives of eggplant cultivars for disease resistance

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Brinjal Little Leaf Disease Epidemiology in Insect Proof Conditions

Brinjal Little Leaf Disease Epidemiology in Insect Proof Conditions

Eggplant Little Leaf-Associated Phytoplasma Detection in Seedlings under Insect-Proof Conditions

Identification and in-silico characterization of RPN10 gene as a candidate for genome editing to develop little leaf disease resistance in brinjal

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