Molecular characterization of ribosomal DNA polymorphisms discriminating among chromosomal forms of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> s.s.

Favia, Guido; Lanfrancotti, Alessandra; Spanos, Lefteris; Sidén‐Kiamos, Inga; Louis, Christos

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2583.2001.00236.x

Cited by 257 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A. gambiae (sensu strictu) has been distinguished into several different ecotypes on the basis of floating chromosomal inversions, whose prevalence varies geographically and seasonally, suggesting that they may ''lock in'' specific allelic combinations important for malaria transmission (35,36). More recently, a small number of molecular markers have also suggested the existence of flexibility and even mosaicism in the A. gambiae genome (37,38). The high level of polymorphism that we detected between BAC 8N20 and the Consensus Sequence is reminiscent of the human MHC locus, which encompasses at least 200 genes, most of which are highly polymorphic and have roles in immune responses (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomic analysis in the region of a major Plasmodium -refractoriness locus of Anopheles gambiae

Thomasová¹,

Ton²,

Copley³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We have sequenced six overlapping clones from a library of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones derived from a laboratory strain of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, the major vector of human malaria in Africa. The resulting uninterrupted 528-kb sequence is from the 8C region of the mosquito 2R chromosome, at or very near the major refractoriness locus associated with melanotic encapsulation of parasites. This sequence represents the first extensive view of the mosquito genome structure encompassing 48 genes. Genomic comparison reveals that the majority of the orthologues are found in six microsyntenic clusters in Drosophila melanogaster. A BAC clone that is wholly contained within this region demonstrates the existence of a remarkable degree of local polymorphism in this species, which may prove important for its population structure and vectorial capacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomic analysis in the region of a major Plasmodium -refractoriness locus of Anopheles gambiae

Thomasová¹,

Ton²,

Copley³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Samples were further identified as belonging to the M/S molecular form according to the PCR protocol described in Favia et al (2001). Microsatellite DNA analysis was performed for 11 dinucleotide loci (GT repeats) and one trinucleotide locus (AGC repeat).…”

Section: Species Identification and Microsatellite Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An island within an island: genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae in São Tomé, West Africa, and its relevance to malaria vector control

et al. 2003

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Islands are choice settings for experimental studies of vector control strategies based on transgenic insects. Before considering this approach, knowledge of the population structure of the vector is essential. Genetic variation at 12 microsatellite loci was therefore studied in samples of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s., collected from six localities of Sã o Tomé island (West Africa). The objectives were (i) to assess the demographic stability and effective population size of A. gambiae from these sites, (ii) to determine population differentiation and (iii) to relate the observed patterns of population structure with geographic, ecological and historical aspects of the vector on the island.Significant population differentiation, revealed by F ST and R ST statistics, was found between the southernmost site, Porto Alegre, and northern localities. The observed patterns of population substructure are probably a result of restrictions to gene flow in the less inhabited, more densely forested and mountainous south. In all localities surveyed, A. gambiae appeared to be experiencing a demographic expansion, consistent with a relatively recent (ca. 500 years) founder effect. The results are discussed with respect to current and future prospects of malaria vector control.

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“…They were initially described on the basis of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the X-linked ribosomal DNA locus (7,8). Heterozygotes were rarely found in nature and studies of reproductive isolation (RI) confirmed strong assortative mating with interform matings occurring at a frequency of ∼1% (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal dynamics of gene flow and hybrid fitness between the M and S forms of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae

Marsden²,

Norris

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

171

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The M and S forms of Anopheles gambiae have been the focus of intense study by malaria researchers and evolutionary biologists interested in ecological speciation. Divergence occurs at three discrete islands in genomes that are otherwise nearly identical. An "islands of speciation" model proposes that diverged regions contain genes that are maintained by selection in the face of gene flow. An alternative "incidental island" model maintains that gene flow between M and S is effectively zero and that divergence islands are unrelated to speciation. A "divergence island SNP" assay was used to explore the spatial and temporal distributions of hybrid genotypes. Results revealed that hybrid individuals occur at frequencies ranging between 5% and 97% in every population examined. A temporal analysis revealed that assortative mating is unstable and periodically breaks down, resulting in extensive hybridization. Results suggest that hybrids suffer a fitness disadvantage, but at least some hybrid genotypes are viable. Stable introgression of the 2L speciation island occurred at one site following a hybridization event.reproductive isolation | population structure | Anopheles coluzzii

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Molecular characterization of ribosomal DNA polymorphisms discriminating among chromosomal forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Cited by 257 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative genomic analysis in the region of a major Plasmodium -refractoriness locus of Anopheles gambiae

Comparative genomic analysis in the region of a major Plasmodium -refractoriness locus of Anopheles gambiae

An island within an island: genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae in São Tomé, West Africa, and its relevance to malaria vector control

Spatiotemporal dynamics of gene flow and hybrid fitness between the M and S forms of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae

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