Molecular Characterization of Rice Genotypes Using Molecular Markers

Abstract

Rice, (Oryza sativa L. 2n=24) belongs to the family Gramineae and subfamily Oryzoideae. Oryza has two cultivated species: Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. Breeding for good-quality traits requires the selection of parents with a wider genetic diversity. Molecular markers are used in molecular biology and biotechnology to identify a sequence of DNA. Molecular markers have played an increasing role in rice breeding for cultivar improvement, screening, selection, and germplasm collections. The present investigation is undertaken to study the genetic diversity among thirty rice genotypes using the ISSR marker.
 Out of 40 ISSR primers, 9 amplified and showed polymorphism, viz., ISSR 807, ISSR 808, ISSR 809, ISSR 811, ISSR 816, ISSR 823, ISSR 826, ISSR 827 and ISSR 829. A total of 76 loci were generated by amplification with 9 polymorphic primers, out of which 66 loci were polymorphic with an average of 86.84 percent polymorphism. Among ISSR primers, ISSR 807 produced the maximum number of 11 loci. A dendrogram constructed using NTSYSpc 2.02i software grouped all 30 genotypes into two major clusters (clusters A and B). Cluster A Kalbhat alone is present in one sub-cluster at 69.2% similarity with Karjat 2, Jaya, Sairam, Saubhagya Dhan, RPBIO 226, Karjat 6, Ratnagiri 1, DRR Dhan 44, DRR Dhan 45, DRR Dhan 46, MTU 10010, Karjat 7, Swarna Shreya, Sugandha, and Madhumati. In Cluster B Karjat 3 alone forms one sub- cluster and has 70 % similarity with MTU 1001, PKVHMT, JGL 1798, Indrayani, Phule Samruddhi, Phule Maval, Sonsal, Pavana, DRR Dhan 41, kundalika, Bhogawati, Ambemohar, and Phule Radha.