Molecular characterization of Tasmanian aquabirnaviruses from 1998 to 2013

Mohr, Peter G.; Moody, Nicholas J. G.; Williams, Lynette M.; Hoad, John; Crane, Mark St. J.

doi:10.3354/dao02903

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although for some authors VP5 activity does not depend on its size, and even though apoptosis is not dependent of that protein [54,57,108], others defended the anti-apoptotic activity of the protein [52] and stated that a deletion in the 15 kDa normal VP5 protein might affect its activity and, therefore, viruses expressing a truncated 12 kDa VP5 should be more benign. To this regard, Davies et al [99] noted that all the Australian strains from healthy fish that they sequenced had a deletion at the N-terminal; however, other authors found that differences in VP5 size in field isolates were not related to the level of disease [79,109]. In IBDV, a clear association between the size of the protein and the virulence of the strain has been demonstrated in field isolates [61]; thus, the very virulent IBDV strains exhibit a large ORF and the low virulent ones have shorter forms.…”

Section: Is Vp5 Expression a Determinant Of Virulence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Santi et al [80], working with nine strains of type L or H, did not consider the minor differences encountered in VP1, VP3, and VP4 as candidates to be determinants, and only pointed to specific positions in VP2 and the size of VP5. More recently, Mohr et al [109] reported that, in the appearance of virulent IPNV strains from previous isolates causing no disease in Tasmanian rainbow trout farms, only a change in VP3 was common between the isolates; however, since until then "substitutions in VP3 . .…”

Section: Other Viral Proteins and Their Interactions Are Also Determimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) and its Virulence Determinants: What is Known and What Should be Known

Dopazo

2020

Pathogens

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Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a disease of great concern in aquaculture, mainly among salmonid farmers, since losses in salmonid fish—mostly very young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnery) fry and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolt—frequently reach 80–90% of stocks. The virus causing the typical signs of the IPN disease in salmonids, named infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), has also been isolated from other fish species either suffering related diseases (then named IPNV-like virus) or asymptomatic; the general term aquabirnavirus is used to encompass all these viruses. Aquabirnaviruses are non-enveloped, icosahedral bisegmented dsRNA viruses, whose genome codifies five viral proteins, three of which are structural, and one of them is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Due to the great importance of the disease, there have been great efforts to find a way to predict the level of virulence of IPNV isolates. The viral genome and proteins have been the main focus of research. However, to date such a reliable magic marker has not been discovered. This review describes the processes followed for decades in the attempts to discover the viral determinants of virulence, and to help the reader understand how viral components can be involved in virulence modulation in vitro and in vivo. There is also a brief description of the disease, of host defenses, and of the molecular structure and function of the virus and its viral components.

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Section: Is Vp5 Expression a Determinant Of Virulence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Viral Proteins and Their Interactions Are Also Determimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) and its Virulence Determinants: What is Known and What Should be Known

Dopazo

2020

Pathogens

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“…La primera clasificación filogenética fue propuesta por Blake et al (2001), donde se describió la presencia de 6 genogrupos, compuestos por diferentes cepas de origen europeo, americano y asiático. Posteriormente, Nishizawa et al (2005) revelaron la existencia de un séptimo genogrupo integrado únicamente por cepas japonesas, y recientemente en Australia se aisló un nuevo Aquabirnavirus desde trucha arcoíris, que fue clasificado en un octavo genogrupo (McCowan et al, 2015;Mohr et al, 2015). En Chile, los virus IPN que han sido caracterizados genéticamente pertenecen a los Genogrupos 1 y 5, i.e., norteamericanos y europeos, respectivamente (Eissler et al, 2011;Mutoloki & Evensen, 2011;Calleja et al, 2012;Tapia et al, 2015;Jorquera et al, 2016), dentro de los cuales forman sus propios subtipos o subgrupos (Tapia et al, 2015).…”

unclassified

Genotipificacion y relacion hospedador especifica del virus de la necrosis pancreatica infecciosa en Chile

Torres

Eissler

Tapia

et al. 2016

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RESUMEN. Se analizaron muestras de órganos (riñón y bazo) de las principales especies de salmónidos cultivados en Chile a través de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa anidada (PCR anidado) para detectar la presencia del virus de la necrosis pancreática infecciosa (IPNV). La técnica resultó ser eficiente y sensible, permitiendo amplificar material genético del virus para su secuenciación directamente desde los tejidos, incluso desde muestras que no pudieron ser aisladas en cultivo celular. A través del análisis filogenético se detectaron los dos genogrupos descritos previamente en el país, i.e., europeo (Genogrupo 5) y americano (Genogrupo 1), siendo cuantitati-vamente predominantes los IPNV del Genogrupo 5 (78,8%). Dentro del Genogrupo 1, se observó claramente la formación de un sub-grupo de virus chilenos separados de las cepas de referencia (e.g., WB, VR-299), por lo que se propone su denominación como genotipo chileno. Adicionalmente, se observó una relación estadística-mente significativa hospedador-específica entre los genogrupos identificados: los virus del Genogrupo 5 provienen de Salmo salar mientras que los del Genogrupo 1 provienen de Oncorhynchus mykiss u O. kisutch (P < 0,001). La asociación de esta relación hospedador-específica con la virulencia puede proveer información importante para el manejo y control de IPNV en Chile. Palabras clave: virus, IPNV, PCR anidado, genotipificación, filogenia, relación hospedador-específica, gen VP2. Genotyping and host-specific relationship of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in ChileABSTRACT. Samples of fish organs (kidney and spleen) from the main salmonid species farmed in Chile were analyzed through the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) to detect the presence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). The technique proved to be efficient and sensitive, allowing amplification of viral genetic material for sequencing directly from tissue, even from samples that could not be isolated in cell culture. The phylogenetic analysis showed the two genogroups previously described in the country, i.e., European (Genogroup 5) and American (Genogroup 1), being the IPNV that belong to Genogroup 5 the dominant one (78.8%). It is clear that the Chilean IPN viruses are clustered within the Genogroup 1 forming a sub-group that is separated from the reference strains (e.g., WB, VR-299), hence we propose its denomination as a Chilean genotype. Additionally, a statistically significant host-specific relationship was observed between the genogroups identified: viruses from Genogroup 5 were detected in Salmo salar, while the ones from Genogroup 1 were detected in Oncorhynchus mykiss or O. kisutch (P < 0.001). The association of this hostspecific relationship with the virulence can provide important information for the management and control of IPNV in Chile.

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“…For the two samples from 2017 and 2018, RNA was isolated from plasma, and RNA was sequenced using on the Illumina HiSeq 4000 system. In the case of the sample of 1995, RNA was extracted from serum, but here a sequencing independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) method was used previous to library construction [ 27 ] and sequencing in Illumina MiSeq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Spread of Piscine orthoreovirus Genotype 3

et al. 2020

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Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a relevant pathogen for salmonid aquaculture worldwide. In 2015, a new genotype of PRV (genotype 3, PRV-3) was discovered in Norway, and in 2017 PRV-3 was detected for first time in Denmark in association with complex disease cases in rainbow trout in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). To explore the epidemiology of PRV-3 in Denmark, a surveillance study was conducted in 2017 to 2019. Fifty-three farms, including both flow through and RAS, were screened for PRV-3. Of the farms examined, PRV-3 was detected in thirty-eight (71.7%), with the highest prevalence in grow-out farms. Notably, in Denmark disease outbreaks were only observed in RAS. Additionally, wild Atlantic salmon and brown trout populations were included in the screening, and PRV-3 was not detected in the three years where samples were obtained (2016, 2018, and 2019). Historical samples in the form of archived material at the Danish National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases were also tested for the presence of PRV-3, allowing us to establish that the virus has been present in Denmark at least since 1995. Sequence analyses of segment S1 and M2, as well as full genome analyses of selected isolates, did not reveal clear association between genetic makeup in these two segments and virulence in the form of disease outbreaks in the field.

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Molecular characterization of Tasmanian aquabirnaviruses from 1998 to 2013

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

The Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) and its Virulence Determinants: What is Known and What Should be Known

The Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) and its Virulence Determinants: What is Known and What Should be Known

Genotipificacion y relacion hospedador especifica del virus de la necrosis pancreatica infecciosa en Chile

Emergence and Spread of Piscine orthoreovirus Genotype 3

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