Molecular characterization of the Babesia caballi rap-1 gene and epidemiological survey in horses in Israel

Rapoport, Adi; Aharonson-Raz, Karin; Berlin, Dalia; Tal, Saar; Gottlieb, Yuval; Klement, Eyal; Steinman, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.033

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Age has been identified as a risk factor for EP seropositivity in several studies (Garcia‐Bocanegra et al, ; Guidi et al, ; Munkhjargal et al, ; Rapoport et al, ) and also noted in other Theileria species (Weir et al, ). The hypothesis is that older animals have had a longer period of exposure to infected ticks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Analysis of Theileria equi diversity in The Gambia using a novel genotyping method

Coultous

McDonald

Raftery

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Theileria equi, one of the primary pathogens causing equine piroplasmosis, has previously been sub‐classified into a number of clades on the basis of 18S SSU rRNA gene sequence diversity. This partitioning of the parasite population has potential implications for host immunity, treatment and vaccine development. To detect and identify different clade genotypes among and within individual equine blood samples, a novel PCR‐based technique was designed and optimized. Theileria equi has only recently been described in The Gambia, and the developed genotyping technique was used to analyse blood samples taken from 42 piroplasmosis‐positive horses and donkeys within the country. Three different T. equi genotypes were detected within the population, including the same genotype as the recently described Theileria haneyi, with 61.9% of individuals found to be infected with more than one genotype. Overall, there was a trend that males were more likely to have a multiple genotype infection. Thus, the novel genotyping technique has been shown to be effective in analysis of field populations and offers researchers a rapid method of identifying multiple T. equi genotypes both within individuals and equine populations in epidemiological studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Analysis of Theileria equi diversity in The Gambia using a novel genotyping method

Coultous

McDonald

Raftery

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Babesia caballi parasites were detected in five of the donkeys and were all classified as rap-1 genotype A1. This genotype has been reported in South Africa [22] and the Middle East [18,19] and also differed in their amino acid sequence from the American genotype, reducing sensitivity for cELISA assays based on this protein in detecting this B. caballi strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Therefore, in B. caballi infection, antibodies may persist after the resolution of parasitaemia, suggesting previous exposure. The use of crude antigen and IFAT method was directed to overcome the detection limitation of the commercial rap-1 cELISA described in other African and Middle-Eastern countries [18,19,21]. Discrepancies between T. equi detection in different methods may be attributed to difference in the sensitivity or efficacy between the methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA was extracted from 100 µL of whole blood from each sample, using a commercial kit (DNeasy blood and tissue kit, QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany), according to the manufacturer's instructions. EP infection was detected using conventional PCR (C1000 Touch Termal Cycler, Bio-Rad, Haifa, Israel) directed at the T. equi 18S rRNA gene [21] and B. caballi rap-1 gene [22] (Table 1), as previously described [19,23,24]. Positive samples for the T. equi 18S rRNA gene were further analyzed using PCR specifically targeting T. equi ema-1 and ema-2 genes ( Table 1).…”

Section: Identification Of Equine Piroplasmosis Parasites Using Polymmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microscopic diagnosis is not a sensitive method, especially in subclinical animals [15,16]. The commercial cELISA kit failed to detect B. caballi strains from Africa and the Middle East in horses that had been confirmed positive using molecular methods [17][18][19]. The reasons adduced for these failures were diversity in the rhoptry-associated protein-1 (rap-1) gene repertoire and considerable differences between these isolates and the Florida strain which was used to develop the monoclonal antibody (Mab) for the commercial cELISA kit [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Characterization of Piroplasms in Donkeys and Horses from Nigeria

Idoko

Tirosh-Levy

Mazuz³

et al. 2020

Animals

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Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of equids, caused by the two haemoprotozoal parasites: Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. Nigeria constitutes a major crossroads of animal transport in West Africa and may serve as a factor in EP dissemination in the region. The study aim was to characterize EP parasites in donkeys and horses in northern Nigeria using a molecular approach. Blood was collected from 57 donkeys and 47 horses. EP infection was detected and characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty five donkeys (43.8%) were infected with T. equi, five (8.8%) with B. caballi, three (5.3%) with dual infections. Four horses (8.5%) were infected by T. equi and none by B. caballi. Four of the five known T. equi 18S rRNA genotypes (A, B, C and D) were identified. Theileria equi ema-1 and ema-2 genes were amplified in only 2 and 10 samples, respectively, showing no genetic variation. All B. caballi isolates were classified as rap-1 genotype A1. Twenty-two (42.3%) of the donkeys were positive for anti-T. equi antibodies and 29 (55.8%) were positive for anti-B. caballi antibodies, using immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The study results demonstrate high genetic variation within T. equi parasites, suggesting that donkeys may be reservoirs of EP parasites in West Africa.

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Piroplasmosis in an endemic area: analysis of the risk factors and their implications in the control of Theileriosis and Babesiosis in horses

Guidi

Pradier

Lebert³

et al. 2014

Parasitol Res

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Theileria equi (Laveran 1901) and Babesia caballi (Nuttall and Strickland 1910) are the causative agents of Equine Piroplasmosis (EP), a severe and problematic disease compromising international movement of horses. Infected horses usually become asymptomatic carriers and, for this reason, their movement across borders may become restricted. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of EP in Southern France and to evaluate risk factors associated with these parasites. In 2002, we performed a complement fixation test (CF) with blood samples from 443 horses stabled at 95 different farms located in the region of Camargue. Two epidemiological questionnaires have been used: one for each single horse (individual and management factors) and one for each place where horses were sampled (environment, presence of other species, etc.) to identify risk factors for seropositivity. T. equi and B. caballi had a seroprevalence of 58 % and 12.9%, respectively. For T. equi, sex, age, activity, management, and living with or near cattle were identified as risk factors, while for B. caballi, only living in wetlands was recognized as a risk factor in the bivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the best model for T. equi included as variables age, breed, and deworming, while the best model for B. caballi included the type of housing during day and the contact with cows.

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Molecular characterization of the Babesia caballi rap-1 gene and epidemiological survey in horses in Israel

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Analysis of Theileria equi diversity in The Gambia using a novel genotyping method

Analysis of Theileria equi diversity in The Gambia using a novel genotyping method

Genetic Characterization of Piroplasms in Donkeys and Horses from Nigeria

Piroplasmosis in an endemic area: analysis of the risk factors and their implications in the control of Theileriosis and Babesiosis in horses

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