Molecular characterization of the cloacal microbiota of wild and captive parrots

Xenoulis, Panagiotis G.; Gray, Patricia L.; Brightsmith, Donald J.; Palculict, Blake; Hoppes, Sharman; Steiner, Jörg M.; Tizard, Ian R.; Suchodolski, Jan S.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.024

Cited by 111 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Analysis of wild and domesticated mice (Wilson et al, 2006), turkeys (Scupham et al, 2008), parrots (Xenoulis et al, 2010), fruitflies (Cox and Gilmore, 2007) and hydra (Fraune and Bosch, 2007) indicate that members of the same species tend to possess gut bacterial communities of similar taxonomic composition at the phylum or class level regardless of domestication status, with some differences between wild and domestic individuals emerging at shallower phylogenetic resolution. These previous studies have revealed varying effects of domestication on gut bacterial diversity, with increased diversity in wild mice (Wilson et al, 2006) and fruitflies (Cox and Gilmore, 2007) compared with domesticated controls, and decreased diversity in wild versus domesticated parrots (Xenoulis et al, 2010). Our clone library sequencing and pyrosequencing of the zebrafish intestinal microbiota revealed variation between recently caught and domesticated zebrafish, however, the scale of these variations were no larger than those observed between or within different zebrafish lab facilities (Figures 2, 4, and Supplementary Figure S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a core gut microbiota in the zebrafish

et al. 2011

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Experimental analysis of gut microbial communities and their interactions with vertebrate hosts is conducted predominantly in domesticated animals that have been maintained in laboratory facilities for many generations. These animal models are useful for studying coevolved relationships between host and microbiota only if the microbial communities that occur in animals in lab facilities are representative of those that occur in nature. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequence-based comparisons of gut bacterial communities in zebrafish collected recently from their natural habitat and those reared for generations in lab facilities in different geographic locations. Patterns of gut microbiota structure in domesticated zebrafish varied across different lab facilities in correlation with historical connections between those facilities. However, gut microbiota membership in domesticated and recently caught zebrafish was strikingly similar, with a shared core gut microbiota. The zebrafish intestinal habitat therefore selects for specific bacterial taxa despite radical differences in host provenance and domestication status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a core gut microbiota in the zebrafish

et al. 2011

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“…Even in insects, gut microflora has been implicated in adaptation to crop rotation (Chu et al., 2013) and novel food sources (Otani et al., 2014). A large number of studies on various captive animals have revealed that perturbations in the diet result in significant changes in the gut microflora communities (e.g., parrots, Xenoulis et al., 2010; grizzly bears, Schwab et al., 2011; black howler monkeys, Nakamura et al., 2011; and elephant seals and leopard seals, Nelson, Rogers, Carlini, & Brown, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microflora may facilitate adaptation to anthropic habitat: A comparative study in Rattus

Varudkar

Ramakrishnan

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Anthropophilic species (“commensal” species) that are completely dependent upon anthropic habitats experience different selective pressures particularly in terms of food than their noncommensal counterparts. Using a next‐generation sequencing approach, we characterized and compared the gut microflora community of 53 commensal Rattus rattus and 59 noncommensal Rattus satarae captured in 10 locations in the Western Ghats, India. We observed that, while species identity was important in characterizing the microflora communities of the two Rattus hosts, environmental factors also had a significant effect. While there was significant geographic variation in the microflora of the noncommensal R. satarae, there was no effect of geographic distance on gut microflora of the commensal R. rattus. Interestingly, host genetic distance did not significantly influence the community in either Rattus hosts. Collectively, these results indicate that a shift in habitat is likely to result in a change in the gut microflora community and imply that the gut microflora is a complex trait, influenced by various parameters in different habitats.

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“…Such bacteria are considered abnormal inhabitants of psittacine birds, so they are viewed by some as pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms in this context 5,6,7 . However, there is controversy about the meaning of the infection in clinically healthy birds, such as whether they are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacterial species for other birds and mammals 7,8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similaridade genética entre APEC e cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de Guaruba guarouba em um estudo com psitacídeos hígidos de cativeiro

Prioste¹,

Cunha²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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The role of psittacine birds as a reservoir of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is not known but would be helpful in understanding the human -animal interface, since the enteric microbiota of these birds consists of Gram positive bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of APEC in feces of clinically healthy Guaruba guarouba. To do this, we isolated and analyzed E. coli from cloacal fecal samples taken from 87 psittacine birds from six zoologic parks, three commercial breeders and one conservation breeder. Of the 87 birds examined, 46 (52.87%) presented E. coli in feces. The presence of the following eight virulence genes was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR): irp2, iucD, iss, vat, cvi/cva, tsh, astA, and papC, and 29 (63.04%) of 46 E. coli isolates tested were positive at least one of the eight genes studied. The frequency of virulence genes observed in isolates of E. coli were 32.6% (15/46) irp2, 26% (12/46) iucD, 19.5% iss (9/46), 17.4% vat (8/46), 17.4% cvi/cva (8/46), 8.7% tsh (4/46), 4.4% astA (2/46) and 0% papC (0/46). The isolates were grouped in 13 genotypic profiles according to virulence gene combinations, but only 2 isolates were classified as APEC, with the pattern iuc, iss, cvi/cva, irp + and iuc, iss, cvi/cva, irp, tsh, vat +. This study reveals the presence of APEC in clinically healthy captive G. guarouba, suggesting that these psittacine birds may act as reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms. Epidemiological studies are needed to determine the relevance of this species as a reservoir and the implications for conservation of endangered species G. guarouba.Keywords: Escherichia coli. APE. Virulence factors. Psittacine birds. Guaruba guarouba. ResumoO papel dos psitacídeos como reservatório de Escherichia coli patogênicas para aves (APEC) não é conhecido, mas será útil para a compreensão da interface humano-animal, uma vez que a microbiota entérica destas aves é composta por bactérias Gram-positivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença de APEC em fezes de Guaruba guarouba clinicamente saudáveis. Para isso, foram isoladas e analisadas E. coli presentes em fezes cloacais coletadas de 87 psitacídeos, alojados em seis zoológicos, três criatórios comerciais e um criatório conservacionista. Das 87 aves examinadas, 46 (52,87%) apresentaram E. coli nas fezes. A presença de oito genes de virulência foi determinada pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR): irp2, iucD, iss, vat, cvi/cva, tsh, astA

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Molecular characterization of the cloacal microbiota of wild and captive parrots

Cited by 111 publications

References 23 publications

Evidence for a core gut microbiota in the zebrafish

Evidence for a core gut microbiota in the zebrafish

Gut microflora may facilitate adaptation to anthropic habitat: A comparative study in Rattus

Similaridade genética entre APEC e cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de Guaruba guarouba em um estudo com psitacídeos hígidos de cativeiro

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