Molecular characterization of the Drosophila vermilion locus and its suppressible alleles.

Searles, Lillie L.; Voelker, Robert A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.83.2.404

Cited by 101 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…1 and 2). The procedures used for construction of the libraries and purification of clones were essentially those described by Searles and Voelker (30).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sites of P element insertion and structures of P element deletions in the 5' region of Drosophila melanogaster RpII215.

Searles¹,

Greenleaf²,

Kemp³

et al. 1986

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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Several P element insertion and deletion mutations near the 5' end of Drosophila melanogaster RplI215 have been examined by nucleotide sequencing. Two different sites of P element insertion, approximately 90 nucleotides apart, have been detected in this region of the gene. Therefore, including an additional site of P element insertion within the coding region, there are at least three distinct sites of P element insertion at RplI215. Both 5' sites are within a noncoding portion of transcribed sequences. The sequences of four revertants of one P element insertion mutation (D50) indicate that the P element is either precisely deleted or internally deleted to restore RpII215 activity. Partial internal deletions of the P element result in different RpII215 activity levels, which appear to depend on the specific sequences that remain after excision.In Drosophila melanogaster, the transposable P elements are responsible for some if not all of the traits associated with the P-M hybrid dysgenesis syndrome, including increased frequencies of mutation, male recombination, chromosome rearrangement, and female sterility (27; reviewed in references 3 and 7). Hybrid dysgenesis is observed in the progeny of interstrain crosses between male flies from the wild (P strains) and females from laboratory stocks (M strains) but not in the reciprocal cross. P strains harbor multiple copies of P elements dispersed throughout their genomes, whereas M strains lack functional P elements (27). Dysgenic crosses result in germ line alterations due to transposition and excision of P elements and P-mediated chromosome rearrangement.The molecular structures of several P elements have been characterized by O'Hare and Rubin (23). The elements in this family are heterogeneous in size, the largest, known as P factor, being 2.9 kilobases (kb) long. The smaller P elements appear to arise by internal deletions of the complete P factor. A 31-base-pair (bp) inverted repeat, apparently required for transposition (15), is found at the ends of the P element, and 8 bp of chromosomal DNA are duplicated at the insertion site. A transposase, encoded by the 2.9-kb P factor, is necessary for movement of these elements (19,25,26,32). The smaller P elements are defective for transposase activity and depend on transposase provided in trans for mobilization.Reversions of mutations caused by P element insertion occur at high frequencies (10-2 to 10-3) (6,8,9,27,34) and are associated with excision of P elements (5, 27, 29). For example, reversions of a P element insertion mutation at the white locus were shown to be precise excisions of the P element and one copy of the 8-bp duplication (23). Presumably, only precise excision events could be detected as reversions since the insertion is located in coding sequences of white. On the other hand, genomic Southern analysis of several revertants of a P element insertion at the 5' end of the RpII215 locus (29,34) (4,12,35), although the subunit encoded at the locus was not identified in these studies. This RpII gene was clo...

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“…1 and 2). The procedures used for construction of the libraries and purification of clones were essentially those described by Searles and Voelker (30).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sites of P element insertion and structures of P element deletions in the 5' region of Drosophila melanogaster RpII215.

Searles¹,

Greenleaf²,

Kemp³

et al. 1986

Mol. Cell. Biol.

Self Cite

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“…The primary ommochrome precursor is tryptophan that is converted into 3-hydroxykynurenine by three enzymes encoded by vermilion, kynurenine formamidase and cinnabar (Searles and Voelker, 1986;Searles et al, 1990;Warren et al, 1996). Subsequently, 3-hydroxykynurenine is incorporated into pigment granules by the heterodimeric ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters encoded by scarlet and white (Tearle et al, 1989;Pepling and Mount, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positional cloning of a Bombyx pink-eyed white egg locus reveals the major role of cardinal in ommochrome synthesis

Osanai-Futahashi

Futahashi

et al. 2015

Heredity

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Ommochromes are major insect pigments involved in coloration of compound eyes, eggs, epidermis and wings. In the silkworm Bombyx mori, adult compound eyes and eggs contain a mixture of the ommochrome pigments such as ommin and xanthommatin. Here, we identified the gene involved in ommochrome biosynthesis by positional cloning of B. mori egg and eye color mutant pink-eyed white egg (pe). The recessive homozygote of pe has bright red eyes and white or pale pink eggs instead of a normal dark coloration due to the decrease of dark ommochrome pigments. By genetic linkage analysis, we narrowed down the pe-linked region to~258 kb, containing 17 predicted genes. RNA sequencing analyses showed that the expression of one candidate gene, the ortholog of Drosophila haem peroxidase cardinal, coincided with egg pigmentation timing, similar to other ommochrome-related genes such as Bm-scarlet and Bm-re. In two pe strains, a common missense mutation was found within a conserved motif of B. mori cardinal homolog (Bm-cardinal). RNA interference-mediated knockdown and transcription activatorlike effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated knockout of the Bm-cardinal gene produced the same phenotype as pe in terms of egg, adult eye and larval epidermis coloration. A complementation test of the pe mutant with the TALEN-mediated Bm-cardinaldeficient strain showed that the mutant phenotype could not be rescued, indicating that Bm-cardinal is responsible for pe. Moreover, knockdown of the cardinal homolog in Tribolium castaneum also induced red compound eyes. Our results indicate that cardinal plays a major role in ommochrome synthesis of holometabolous insects.

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“…Mutations at the suppressor of Hairy-wing [su(Hw), 3-54.8] locus reverse partially restores the wild-type eye color of the copia-induced allele white-apricot (w ~) (Levis et al 1984;Zachar et al 1985;Mount et al 1988); mutations at suppressor of sable [su(s), reverse the phenotype of spontaneous alleles at several loci caused by the insertion of the 412 retrotransposon (Chang et al 1986;Searles and Voelker 1986). Additional interactions between some of the mutant alleles and their modifier loci can also take place (Rutledge et al 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila su(Hw) gene, which controls the phenotypic effect of the gypsy transposable element, encodes a putative DNA-binding protein.

Parkhurst¹,

Harrison²,

Remington³

et al. 1988

Genes Dev.

181

128

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Some transposable elements affect the genes they mutate by bringing their expression under the control of a second unlinked locus that is termed a modifier. The modifier gene is referred to as an enhancer or a suppressor locus, depending on the type of effect exerted by mutations in this gene on the phenotype of the transposable element-induced mutation. This type of phenomenon has been documented extensively in yeast and Drosophila (for reviews, see Roeder and Fink 1983;Rubin 1983;Kubli 1986; Parkhurst and Corces 1986b;Rutledge et al. 1988

show abstract

Molecular characterization of the Drosophila vermilion locus and its suppressible alleles.

Cited by 101 publications

References 49 publications

Sites of P element insertion and structures of P element deletions in the 5' region of Drosophila melanogaster RpII215.

Sites of P element insertion and structures of P element deletions in the 5' region of Drosophila melanogaster RpII215.

Positional cloning of a Bombyx pink-eyed white egg locus reveals the major role of cardinal in ommochrome synthesis

The Drosophila su(Hw) gene, which controls the phenotypic effect of the gypsy transposable element, encodes a putative DNA-binding protein.

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